烤烟膜下小苗移栽与膜上常规苗移栽的生育期、产值量比较及其与气象要素的关系

Comparison of Growth Period,Yield and Value in Flue-cured Tobacco Pattern of Transplanting Young Seedlings under Film to Conventional Transplanting above Film and Its Correlation with Meteorological Factors

为明确烤烟膜下小苗移栽技术在保山烟区应用的效应及探讨其气象基础,于2013—2014在保山5个县区进行了膜下小苗与常规烟苗(对照)两种移栽模式共10个大田对比试验。结果表明:(1)大田生育期膜下小苗较对照要更长,还苗(发根)、团棵、现蕾、封顶、第一次采烤、终采期分别长2.4、4.2、6.2、6.6、6.6、8.8 d。全生育期膜下小苗极显著短于对照16.2 d。从移栽到第一次采烤、终采期的天数,膜下小苗均显著长于对照。(2)膜下小苗移栽的产量、产值、上等烟比例、均价等指标均优于对照并分别提高了12.88%、17.61%、7.95%、3.88%,其中产值达到了显著效应。(3)移栽到伸根期的天数与∑P(T·L)伸根期呈极显著正相关(r=0.727**),移栽到旺长期的天数与dR_(旺长期)(r=-0.723**)、∑P(d T·d L·dR)_(旺长期)(r=-0.764**)呈极显著负相关,与∑T旺长期呈显著负相关(r=-0.693*),而与∑L旺长期呈极显著正相关(r=0.710**)。移栽到成熟期的天数与dL_(成熟期)(r=0.673*)、∑L_(成熟期)呈显著正相关(r=0.675*)。(4)产量与d T_(大田期)(r=0.773**)、∑T_(大田期)(r=0.880**)、∑P(d T·d L)_(大田期)(r=0.888**)呈极显著正相关。产值与∑P(d T·d L)_(大田期)(r=0.825**)呈极显著正相关、与∑P(T·L)_(大田期)(r=0.707*)、∑T_(大田期)(r=0.880**)呈显著正相关。上等烟比例与∑P(T·L)旺长期(r=0.629*)呈显著正相关。中等烟比例与∑P(T·L)_(旺长期)(r=-0.653*)、∑P(d T·d L·dR)_(大田期)(r=-0.601*)呈显著负相关。均价与d T大田期(r=-0.926**)、∑T_(大田期)(r=-0.745**)呈极显著负相关,与∑P(d T·d L·dR)_(大田期)(r=-0.590*)、∑P(T·L·R)_(大田期)(r=-0.666*)呈显著负相关。膜下小苗方式影响了大田生育期及全生育期、有效提升了烟叶经济性状。生育期、经济指标是气温(T)、降雨量(R)、日照时间(L)多个气象因素综合影响的结果。这些结论可为烤烟移栽模式的技术开发和优化提供理论依据和参考。

In order to ensure the effect of technology of seedling transplant under plastic mulching （YSTUPM） in Baoshan tobacco-growing area and explored the meteorological foundation, a set of 10 field comparison experiments that including the pattern of YSTUPM and conventional pattern above plastic mulching （CPAPM,CK） in 5 county and area of Baoshan in 2013-2014 was conducted. The results indicated that （1） The field growth period of YSTUPM were longer than that of CK, the days after transplanted （DAT） to seedling restitution, rosette, flower-bud appearing, topping, 1th picked-cured, last picked-cured, respectively longer 2.4,4.2,6.2,6.6,6.6,8.8 d. The whole growth period of YSTUPM was great significantly shorter by 16.2 d than that of CK. While the DAT to lst picked-cured, last picked-cured of YSTUPM were significantly longer than that of CK. （2） Yield, value, super leaf, middle leaf, price of YSTUPM respectively increased by 12.88%, 17.61%,7.95%,3.88% than that of CK,among of them, value of YSTUPM were significantly greater than that of CK.（3） DAT to root spreading stage was great significant positively correlation with ∑P（T·L）root spreading（r=0.727^＊＊）. DAT to fast growing stage was great significant negatively related to dRfast growing（r=-0.723^＊＊）, ∑P（dT·dL·dR） fast growing（r=-0.764^＊＊）, was significant negatively related to ∑Tfast growing（r=-0.693^＊）, while was great significant positively correlation with ∑Lfast growing（r=0.710^＊＊）. DAT to maturity stage were significant positively correlation with dLmaturity （r=0.673^＊）and ∑Lmaturity（r=0.675^＊）. （4） Yield were great significant positively correlation with dTwhole growing（r=0.773^＊＊）, ∑Twhole growing（r=0.880^＊＊）, ∑P（dT·dL）whole growing（r=0.888^＊＊）.The value were great significant positively correlation with ∑P（dT·dL）whole growing（r=0.825^＊＊）, were also significant positively correlation with ∑P（T·L）whole growing （r=0.707^＊）, ∑Twhole growing（r=0.880^＊＊）. Super leaf were significant positively correlation with ∑P（T·L）fast growing （r=0.629^＊）. Middle leaf were significant negatively related to product by ∑P（T·L）fast growing（r=-0.653^＊）, ∑P（dT·dL·dR）whole growing（r=-0.601^＊）. Price were great significant negatively related to dTwhole growing（r=-0.926^＊＊）,∑Twhole growing, and also were negatively related to ∑P（dT·dL·dR）whole growing （r=-0.590^＊）, ∑P（T·L·R）whole growing（r=-0.666^＊）.YSTUPM techniques affected the whole growing duration after transplant and life duration, but also effectively updated leaf economic characters. The growth period and economical characters attribute to combined meteorological factors including air temperature（T）, rainfall（R）,sunshine hours（L）. The information provided theory base and conference for developed and optimized YSTUPM techniques.