1990~2010年昆明市东川区国土空间格局变化过程分析

Land Pattern and Process Analysis in Dongchuan,Kunming from 1990 to 2010

昆明东川是西南山地典型资源型城市,近年来,气候变化等自然因素与快速城市化等人为因素给东川国土空间合理优化配置带来了巨大压力。分析近20年来东川国土空间格局变化有助于深入认识其变化趋势为国土空间优化奠定基础。本研究基于昆明东川1990、2000、2010年3期的国土空间格局数据,分析了该区域1990—2010年的国土空间格局特征及其变化过程。结果表明:东川区以林地、草地和耕地为主,建设用地、水域和未利用地面积仅占5.5%左右;1990—2000和2000—2010两个研究时段内,不同国土空间格局类型间的转换幅度呈增加趋势,耕地和林地先减后增,草地则先增后减,建设用地、水域和未利用地呈持续增长态势;景观格局趋于多样化、破碎化,破碎度和多样性增加,优势度下降;气候变化、山地灾害的频发以及人类活动强度的不断增强是影响东川国土空间格局变化和可持续发展的主要驱动力,国家和地方政府政策则是引起国土空间格局变化的外部引导力量。

Dongchuan is a typical resource-based city in the China southwest mountain area. In recent years, the combination of the natural factors such as climate change and the human factors as rapid ur- banization brought huge pressure to the land pattern optimization of Dongchuan. The analysis of the land pattern change from 1990 to 2010 in Dongehuan could be a basic part of the land pattern optimiza- tion. In this study, the land pattern and process of Dongchuan during 1990 to 2010 were analyzed by using ArcGIS and Fragstats 3.3, which are based on the three phase data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The results showed that forest, grassland and farmland are the main landscape types in the research areas, while the construction land, open water and unoccupied land accounted for only about 5.5%. In the two study period, the overall land pattern had not changed significantly, but the conver- sion rate of different land use types showed an increasing trend, farmland and forest reduced after the first increase, the grassland was firstly increased and then decreased, construction land, open water and unoccupied land were sustained growth, the changes of land use made the landscape tend to diver- sity, broken, the fragmentation and diversity of the landscape increased, while the dominance of the landscape decreased. The change of climate, the frequency of mountain disasters and the increasing intensity of human activities are the main trust to influence the land pattern and the sustainable devel- opment of Dongchuan. While the policies of state and local government are the external guiding force to change the land pattern.