基于网络的哈尔滨地区在校大学生膳食摄入调查

Internet-based investigation on dietary intake in Harbin university students

目的利用网络食物频率问卷调查哈尔滨地区在校大学生膳食质量状况,为大学生合理膳食及开展营养干预提供理论依。方法在哈尔滨地区随机抽取500名在校大学生,利用网络的食物频率问卷对其最近4个月内的膳食习惯进行调查,并分析评价在校大学生的膳食摄入特点。结果此次在校大学生膳食调查表明:(1)食物种类方面,除油脂类和盐类摄入过量外,各类食物均存在摄入不足情况;蔬菜类、蛋类和奶类摄入不足尤其严重,不足比例男女均达50%以上;(2)总能量、宏量营养素及维生素的摄入量均存在不同程度的摄入不足。维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素C均低于中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量的比例达到40%以上;(3)男女均存在不同程度的矿物质的摄入不足和过量。男性各种矿物质的摄入量均高于女性。除锌和铜元素外,女性未达到RNI的比例均明显高于男性。结论哈尔滨市大学生膳食摄入不足情况明显,应增加对蔬菜类、水果类、奶类、蛋类及多种维生素、矿物质的摄入,以保证大学生膳食达到营养均衡的状态。

Objective To evaluate the diet quality of university students in Harbin through an internet-based food frequency questionnaire. Methods Internet-based food frequency ques- tionnaire were performed on a random sample 500 university students in Harbin, and dietary habits of each subject during the past 4 months were evaluated. Results （1）In terms of food kind, in addition to the excessive intake of fats and salt in men and women, the various of food were inadequate; specially vegetables, eggs and milk, the proportion of inadequate intake reached 50% above in men and women. （2）There were different degrees of inadequate intake of the total energy, macronutrients and vitamin. Vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, fo- lic acid and vitamin C was all 40% lower than that of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. （3） Men and women had both different degrees of mineral intake deficiency and excess intake. In addition to zinc and copper, the proportion of women which didn＇ t reach RNI was significantly higher than that of men. Conclusion The situation of inadequate dietary intake in Harbin university students remained obvious. It is important to increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs and a variety of vitamins, minerals to ensure university students achieving a nutritionally balanced state.