2015年化州市碘缺乏病监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Huazhou in 2015

目的分析化州市碘缺乏病监测结果,掌握化州市城乡居民碘营养状况和碘缺乏病病情,为制订有针对性的碘缺乏病防治措施提供科学依据。方法在化州市东、西、南、北、中5个方位各随机抽取1个乡镇/街道,在每个乡镇/街道各随机抽取4个行政村,每个行政村随机抽检15户居民家中食盐样品;在所抽取的乡镇随机抽1间小学,在小学中各随机抽取40名8~10周岁儿童,监测儿童尿碘含量和甲状腺肿大情况;在每个乡镇各随机抽检20名孕妇,监测孕妇尿碘含量和家庭食用盐样,对其中10名孕妇进行防治知识问卷调查。结果居民户合格碘盐食用率为97.33%,碘盐中位数为24.29 mg/kg,孕妇家庭碘盐中位数为23.90 mg/kg,居民户与孕妇家庭合格碘盐食用率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.46,P>0.05)。儿童尿碘中位数为195.00μg/L,5个乡镇学龄儿童的尿碘含量的分布不同,差异有统计学意义(H=10.44,P<0.05);孕妇尿碘中位数为143μg/L,5个乡镇孕妇的尿碘含量的分布不同,差异有统计学意义(H=15.68,P<0.05)。儿童甲状腺肿大率为1.00%。孕妇健康教育知晓率为69.00%。结论化州市碘缺乏病防治措施落实,防控效果较好;居民碘营养现状总体处于适宜水平,但孕妇碘营养水平偏低,乡镇之间存在地区差异,孕妇的防治知识知晓率偏低。今后需加强监测及健康教育力度,坚持因地制宜和科学补碘,持续消除碘缺乏危害。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Huazhou and to know the iodine nutritional status of urban and rural residents in Huazhou and the state of iodine deficiency disorders in them, providing scientific basis for developing targeted prevention measures against iodine deficiency disorders. Methods Salt samples were randomly taken from 15 households from each of 4 administrative villages from each of 1 town/street from Eastern, Western, Southern, Northern and Central Huazhou respectively; ？urinary iodine content and goiter were monitored among 40 children aged 8-10 randomly selected from 1 primary school from the selected town; urinary iodine content among 20 pregnant women randomly selected from each town and their family edible salt samples were monitored, 10 of whom received the questionnaire on the prevention knowledge. Results The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.33 % in the households, and the median of iodized salt was 24.29 mg/kg, where the median of iodized salt in the pregnant woman families was 23.90 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant difference in the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in the households and in the pregnant woman families （ X2=0.46, P〉 0.05）. The median of urinary iodine was 195 μg/L in the children, and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of urinary iodine content in the school-age children from the 5 towns （H=10.44, P〈0.05）; the median of urinary iodine is 143 μg /L in the pregnant women, and there was statistically significant difference in the distribution of urinary iodine content in the pregnant women from the 5 towns （H=15.68, P〈0.05）. The rate of goiter in the children was 1.00 %. The health education awareness rate of the pregnant women was 69.00 %. Conclusions The prevention measures against the iodine deficiency disorders have been implemented in Huazhou with good effect; the iodine nutritional status of the residents is generally at a proper level, but the iodine nutritional level of the pregnant women is low. There is regional difference between towns. The prevention knowledge awareness rate of the pregnant women is low. Monitoring and health education should be strengthened in the future, iodine supplementation should be performed scientifically according to the local conditions, and hazards of iodine deficiency should be continuously eliminated.