济南市冬季灰霾日PM_(1.0)和PM_(1.0—2.5)污染特征

Characteristics of PM_(1.0) and PM_(1.0—2.5) in haze days during winter in Jinan

为探讨济南市灰霾日大气细颗粒物的化学组分特征,于2014-01-15—02-17利用PM_(1.0)、PM_(2.5)中流量采样仪,离子色谱及OC/EC分析仪等研究手段,对济南市灰霾日PM_(1.0)及PM_(2.5)的浓度水平及化学组成进行了系统研究。结果表明:灰霾日和非灰霾日NO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+均为PM_(1.0)和PM_(2.5)的主要成分,灰霾日时NO_3^-、SO_4^(2-)、NH_4^+质量浓度占PM_(1.0)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度的比例明显升高,并且三种成分质量浓度在PM_(1.0)中均有显著升高,显示二次无机气溶胶的快速增加是灰霾形成的重要因素。碳质组分(OC+EC)是PM_(1.0)及PM2.5中所占比例为第二位的组分,灰霾日OC和二次有机碳(SOC)较非灰霾日明显升高,表明灰霾日更有利于SOC的生成。72 h后向气流轨迹分析表明,起源于山东省内东部及北京、天津一带气流的近地面传输对灰霾形成有重要影响。

In order to explore the chemical characteristics offine particulate matter（PM） in haze days in Jinan, PM1.0 and PM2.5 samples were collected from 15 January to 17 February, 2014 by using mid-volume samplers, chemical com- ponents was was analyzed by using ions chromatography and OC/EC analyzer. The results indicated that SOl-, NO3 and NH4＋ were the main components in both haze and non-haze days. The three ions contributed more to PM1.0 and PM2.5 in haze days compared with that in non-haze days, and the concentrations of the three ions obviously increased in PM1.0, which suggested that the increase of secondary inorganic aerosol was the main factor of haze formation. Carbon components in PM1.0 and PM2. 5 ranked second. OC and secondary organic carbon （SOC） increased in haze days than that in non-haze days and enriched in PM with size less than 1 urn, which suggested that haze days facilitated the formation of SOC. The 72 h backward trajectories analysis indicated that air masses originated from the east of Shandong Province and Beijing-Tianjin area transported near the ground had an extraordinary effect on pollution level in Jinan during haze days.