胶州湾沉积物中多溴联苯醚的污染特征及风险评价

Pollution and ecological risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediments of Jiaozhou Bay

2015年8月,在胶州湾及邻近海域设置11个采样点,采集表层沉积物,采用索式抽提,利用气相-质谱联用测定了样品中14种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的含量,分析了PBDEs的分布与组成特征,探讨了含量与沉积物理化性质的关系,与世界上不同海域沉积物中PBDEs的含量进行了比较,并对其生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,胶州湾沉积物中14种PBDEs总含量的均值为7.48 ng·g^(-1),其中BDE209的均值为6.20 ng·g^(-1).胶州湾东岸海域PBDEs的含量要高于西岸海域,湾内海域的含量高于湾外.BDE209是主要的同系物,其次是BDE47、BDE71.除BDE209外的13种PBDEs的总含量和BDE209含量均与沉积物中的总有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系.与其他海域相比,胶州湾沉积物中PBDEs的含量低于污染严重的欧洲海域,高于中国部分海域.胶州湾海域的PBDEs主要是由陆源污染带来的十溴联苯醚的污染,同时存在商业五溴联苯醚产品的污染.四溴、五溴、十溴联苯醚具有潜在的低和中等生态风险.

Eleven surface sediment samples were collected from the Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent area in August 2015. The concentrations of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs） were determined by Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC/MS）,and the distribution and composition characteristics of PBDEs were analyzed. The relationship between the concentrations and the physical and chemical properties of sediments was discussed,and the concentrations of PBDEs in different marine sediments in the world were compared. The ecological risk of PBDEs in the Jiaozhou Bay was assessed. The results showed that the mean of the total concentrations of 14 PBDEs in the Jiaozhou Bay was 7.48 ng·g-1,and the mean of BDE209 was 6.20 ng·g-1. PBDE concentrations in the east coast were higher than those in the west coast,and PBDE concentrations in the inner Bay were higher than those in the outer Bay. Among the 14 congeners, BDE209 was the main homologue,followed by BDE47 and BDE71. The total concentrations of 13 PBDEs except BDE209and BDE209 were significantly positively correlated with the total organic carbon of the sediments. By comparison,the concentrations of PBDEs in the Jiaozhou Bay were lower than those in some seriously polluted areas in Europe,but were higher than those in some coastal areas in China.PBDEs pollution in the Jiaozhou Bay mainly originated from the land-based sources of deca BDE and commercial penta BDE products. Tera-,penta-,deca-BDEs presented low and moderate potential ecological risk.