硬件木马技术研究进展

Study on Hardware Trojan Technology

通常存在于应用软件、操作系统中的信息安全问题正在向硬件蔓延。硬件木马是集成电路芯片从研发设计、生产制造到封装测试的整个生命周期内被植入的恶意电路,一经诱发,将带来各种非预期的行为,造成重大危害。当前,SoC芯片大量复用IP核,意味着将有更多环节招致攻击;日益增长的芯片规模又使得硬件木马的检测变得更难、成本更高。因此,硬件木马的相关技术研究成为硬件安全领域的热点。介绍了硬件木马的概念、结构、植入途径和分类,对硬件木马的设计、检测和防御技术进行了分析、总结和发展趋势预测,着重分析了检测技术。

Information security issues normally presenting in software and operating systems are now spreading to hardware. Hardware Trojan refers to the malicious circuit implanted from the integrated circuit designing, manufacturing, packaging and testing throughout the whole life cycle. It will bring a variety of unexpected behaviors and cause significant damages once being evoked. Currently, SoC chips are reusing a large number of IP core, and it means there are more links lead to be attacked. Moreover, the increasing chip size make the hardware Trojan detection become more difficult and more expensive. Therefore, the technology research related to hardware Trojan is becoming a hot field of hardware security. The concept, structure, implant method and classification of hardware Trojan were introduced, and the trends of design, deteetion and defense technologies for hardware Trojan were analyzed, summarized and forecasted. The detection technology was analyzed emphatically.