从《读通鉴论》看王夫之史论中的君本与民本思想

On Wang Fuzhi's Ideology of Respecting Monarch and Democracy Based on Du Tongjian Lun(Thought and Question,Comments on “History as a Mirror”)

王夫之对君本与民本的思考以《读通鉴论》阐释得最为透彻。诸多史论表明,王夫之是一位坚定的尊君主义者,但这个尊君是基于君臣父子的生民功能和秩序意义,尊君思想和民本思想紧密地交织在一起。王夫之的尊君并非指向君王本身,而是君权背后的天定神圣秩序,这使得尊君超脱了君王个人的贤愚昏明等状况,达到了一种更为抽象和宏观的理论层次,极大地深化了尊君意识,然而由此带来的弊端也是王夫之和整个儒家在农业宗法社会下所无法破解的。

Of Wang Fuzhi＇ s ideology of respecting monarch and democracy, the most thorough discussion is demonstrated in Du Tongjian Lun （Thought and Question, Comments on ＂History as a Mirror＂ ）. Many historical documents show that Wang Fuzhi was a staunch nationalist, while his nationalist based on its function of breeding people and social order, which made nationalist and democracy closely intertwined. Wang Fuzhi is not dressed the monarch himself, but the divine order, which made the different personal conditions of the monarch was over- stepped, and achieved a more abstract theoretical level and the sovereign consciousness was greatly deepened. However, the accompanying drawback could not be solved in the patriarchal society.