穿支皮瓣在口腔颌面部缺损重建中的应用

Application of perforator flap in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects

穿支皮瓣是由以管径细小(0.5~0.8 mm)的穿支血管供血的,包含皮肤或者皮下组织的轴型血管皮瓣。因其具有供区损伤小及受区功能好等特点,穿支皮瓣被广泛应用于口腔颌面部缺损重建修复中。目前,关于穿支皮瓣在口腔颌面部缺损重建中的报道越来越多,但是关于皮瓣术前穿支定位以及皮瓣修复后期削薄方面的研究较少。本文就穿支皮瓣的特点、分类、解剖学基础及其在口腔颌面部缺损修复重建应用中的相关问题作一综述。

Perforator flap is an axial flap of skin or subcutaneous tissue that is based on the dissection of a small diameter（0.5-0.8 mm）. Because it aims to minimize donor site morbidity while providing the reconstructive surgeon with more versatility than other flap types, perforator flaps is widely applied in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects. Recently, there are more and more reports about the application of perforator flap in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects. However, the preoperative assessment of the perforator flap and postoperative flap thinning is rarely reported. We reviewed the characteristic, classification, anatomy of the perforator flap and its application in the reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects.