湖北省武汉市某门诊犬瘟热病例统计分析

Statistical Analysis on Cases of Canine Distemper in an Animal Hospital in Wuhan City of Hubei Province

为了解武汉市犬瘟热的流行情况,以华中农业大学动物医院的临床病例为研究对象,应用胶体金试纸条和RT-PCR检测技术,调查了2015年9月至2016年10月间的门诊犬瘟热病例情况。本次调查共对2 967只门诊犬进行了犬瘟热检测,其中检出阳性143只,阳性检出率为4.8%。从时间分布看,该期间大部分月份的犬瘟热检出阳性率在4%~5%之间,但在气温变化大的10月份较高,约为9%。从群间分布看,耐寒的金毛、萨摩耶、哈士奇、阿拉斯加犬以及耐热惧寒的贵宾犬的阳性比例较高,总占比为54.5%;雄性犬阳性数量明显高于雌性犬;发病犬的年龄分布和犬瘟热的流行特点基本一致,以2~4月龄为主。调查发现,疫苗免疫可明显降低犬瘟热的发病率和患病犬体内的病毒含量。本研究结果在一定程度上反映了该病在武汉市的流行特点,并为该病的防治提供了重要的参考资料。

In order to recognize the epidemic status of canine distemper（CD）in Wuhan City,taking clinical cases from the animal hospital of Huazhong Agricultural University as the research subjects and using colloidal gold detection and RT-PCR,a total of 2 967 CD cases collected from September 2015 to October 2016 were tested and analyzed. Results showed that 143 of the 2 967 samples were tested positive for CDV,accounting for 4.8%. According to the time distribution,an average positive rate of 4%～5% in most months during the investigation was observed. In particular,the positive rate was much higher（about 9%）in October when temperature changed greatly. According to the group distribution,a high positive rate occurred in some cold-tolerant canines including Golden retriever,Alaskan Malamute,Siberian husky and Samoyed breed,and also in Poodle breed,which is heat resistant but cold intolerant, accounting for 54.5% of all CDV positive cases. Besides,the male dogs were much more susceptible than the female dogs. The ages of dogs infected by CD were mainly 2～4-month-old,which was consistent with its epidemic characteristics. Otherwise,vaccination could obviously help to decrease the morbidity and to lower virus load of the infected animals. To some degree,this investigation reflected epidemic characteristics of CD in Wuhan City and it would provide important reference for its prevention and control.