《尚书·汤誓序》“伊尹相汤伐桀,升自陑”新证

On “Yi Yin Assisted Tang to Attack Jie,Climbing a Height from Er”Recorded in “Tangshixu”of SHANGSHU

《尚书·汤誓序》载"伊尹相汤伐桀,升自陑,"其中的陑的地理位置,有安邑之西、曹县商丘之西、济宁附近三种不同的说法,但这三种说法都有问题。陑应是山地,且其位置应该与考古学中夏文化的分布范围一致。从清华简《尹至》与上博简《容成氏》看,陑应在夏都之西,即今河南偃师二里头之西,嵩山万安山脉西麓。该位置很关键,说明商汤灭夏采取迂回战术,出其不意而制胜。这对认识夏商之间史事很有裨益。

＂ Tangshixu＂ of SHANGSHU recorded that ＂ Yi Yin Assisted Tang to Attack Jie, Climbing a Height from Er＂. There are three different views on location of the ＂Er＂, and it＇ s believed that it is to the west of Anyi or to the west of Cao county in Shangqiu, or somewhere around Jinning. However, all of the above-mentioned views have some flaws. ＂Er＂ should locate in mountain area, and, according to archeological finding recently, it should be in the area where culture of the Xia was distributed. According the research on ＂ Yinzhi＂ of Tsinghua bamboo slips and ＂ Rongchengshi＂ of Shanghai Museum bamboo slips, ＂Er＂ should be to the west of the Capital of Xia, namely, Yanshi of Henan and at the west foot of Wan＇an Mountain. It revealed that King Tang attacked Xia following a devious route, and it was a shock tactic. This study should be benefit to the research on history between the Xia Dynasty and the Shang Dynasty.