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高等教育大众化、普及化与中美高校产权和教育质量问题 被引量:2

Popularization of Higher Education,Education Quality and Property Right in Chinese and American Universities
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摘要 我国以往的相关研究将高等教育大众化和普及化、高校产权问题和教育质量问题分割开来研究,忽略了三者之间的内在联系。本研究从中美比较的角度,揭示高等教育大众化和普及化、高校产权变化、教育监管理念和教育质量问题的内在联系。美国的高等教育普及化和中国的高等教育大众化都与经济自由化趋势相耦合,伴随着经济自由化中的私有经济成分的增长,高校产权状况发生变化。公立高校和公益性私立高校的产权都属于社会公有,营利性私立高校的产权属于财团或个人私有。在美国,高等教育普及化中的教育质量参差不齐与高校产权和办学理念相关联;在中国,高等教育大众化中的教育质量则与民办院校产权定位不清和计划经济时代形成的政府监管指导思想相关联。基于国际比较分析,本研究提出对于中国高等教育质量监管和民办高校改革治理的建议,即明晰产权定位,建构全方位民主管理、民主监督和教育质量保障的竞争性淘汰和终端监管机制,即毕业率与录取成绩正向相关。实现一流大学严进严出,普通大学宽进严出,全面保障大学文凭质量的良好学风。 The current researches treat popularization of higher education,property right of universities and quality of education as separate entities,and ignore the intrinsic relationships among them.This research reveals the intrinsic connections among popularization of higher education,changes in the property right of universities,supervisory guidelines and the quality of higher education based on a contrast between Chinese and American universities.The generalization of higher education in the United States and popularization of higher education in China coincide with the trend of economic liberalization,and the status of property right of higher education institutions changes alongwith the growth of private economy as a result of economic liberalization.In the United States,the mixed quality of education accompanying the popularization of higher education is associated with the property right of higher education and the guideline for running a school.In China,quality of higher education is associated with the ambiguity of the property right of private higher education institutions and the supervisory guideline formed in the period of planned economy.Based on an international comparison,this research proposes suggestions on supervision over the quality of higher education in China and the reform and governance of the private higher education institutions,i.e.,clearing up the property right,and building an overalldemocratic management and supervision,and a mechanism of competition,elimination through selection and supervision at the end(instead of at the beginning)for securing the quality of education.Elite universities should be strict in admission and strict in graduation,while common universities should be slack in admission but strict in graduation.
作者 张纯厚
出处 《西南大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2017年第2期81-94,共14页 Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
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