白居易昭君诗的文学审美价值及其启示意义

Literary Aesthetic Values and Implications of BaiJuyi's Wang Zhaojun-themed Poems

王昭君故事自诞生后,不断为史书、民间传说、文学作品所丰富、加工。自汉晋至唐宋,诗人们运用想象虚构等文学手段,创作出了数量不菲、主题各异的名篇佳作,其中白居易昭君诗堪称这类咏史诗的典范。白居易在不同时期创作的6首昭君诗,并非为单纯咏史而作,它们寄托着诗人起伏不定的多维复杂心态,折射出恋君、怨君、恕君的仕宦心路历程。白居易昭君诗不仅超越了前人,而且启迪后人,其翻新议论的手法对宋代昭君诗创作产生了明显的积极影响。白居易昭君诗是对昭君故事能动、多维的反映,关合自身仕宦心路历程的昭君诗体现了咏史诗的本质规律和创作原则。

The story of Wang Zhaojun has been enriched and transformed by historical records,folktales and literature works since its birth.From the Han and Jin Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties,poets have utilized imagination,fiction and other literary means and created numerous well-known works with different themes,among which BaiJuyi's poems on Wang Zhaojun are the model of such historical poems.The six Wang Zhaojun-themed poems written by Bai in different periods are not purely historical poems.They are also the epitome of the complexity,multi-dimension and fluctuation of Bai's minds,and reflect how Bai became attached to,dissatisfied with and tolerant of the monarch during his official career.Bai's poems on Wang Zhaojun not only went beyond predecessors but also enlightened later generations.The technique of renovating narration has imposed a positive influence on Wang Zhaojun-themed poetry in the Song Dynasty.As the vigorous and multi-dimensional reflection of Wang Zhaojun's story,Bai's poems on Wang Zhaojun related to his own spiritual changes during his official career and thus constitute vivid embodiment of the essential law and creation principle of historical poems.