毛泽东对传统“大同”理想的传承和超越——兼论正确地看待毛泽东的“大同”实践

Mao Zedong's Inheritance and Surmounting of the Great Unity in Traditional Chinese Culture——The Right Attitude Towards Mao Zedong's Practice of the Great Unity

毛泽东对传统文化中的"大同"概念情有独钟,在文章和著作中多次明确地把它作为自己心目中的奋斗目标和社会理想而加以使用,即此而言,毛泽东笔下的"大同"具有鲜明的民族文化特色,无疑是对传统"大同"理想的自觉传承。与此同时,毛泽东还结合时代条件和现实需要对"大同"进行阐发,从而在特征认知、空间把握、实现路径和方法策略等多个方面实现了对传统"大同"理想的超越。毛泽东晚年积极推动的人民公社化运动是当时条件下把马克思主义公有制理论与中国传统"大同"思想相结合的一种实践探索。其出发点无疑是好的,只是由于没有全面客观地把握基本国情,同时急躁冒进、急于求成,终成毛泽东"大同"理想的一次并不成功的实验。

In articles and writings, Mao Zedong talk about the Great Unity in traditional Chinese culture for many times. Mao Zedong not only inherits the traditional culture, but also surmounts it in many aspects, like the cognition of it＇s feature, the command of time and space, the way of implementation and methods or strategies, etc, combining with the requirements of the times and reality. In his old age, Mao Zedong devotes to People s Commune campaign in oxder to combine Mmarxist theory with Chinese traditional thought of the Great Unity. However, without accurate understanding and grasping the fundamental conditions of China, the practice is not successful.