摘要
以古巴比伦时期西帕尔城的神圣场所"隐修院"为划分地标,西帕尔城女性的婚姻生活是在父权制威权下被迫展开和推进的,可以分为居于"隐修院"内的"圣婚"以及"隐修院"外的世俗婚姻。"圣婚"中的新娘"沙马什的那迪图"嫁给神灵,除了表层的宗教因素之外,更多的动机是出于维护和扩大自己家族的经济利益,她们广泛参与土地买卖、房屋租赁、出租奴隶等交易事务,还通过控制女性奴隶的婚姻进一步确保家族利益。世俗社会中的女性阶层分布较广,其中,"马尔杜克的那迪图"的婚姻既有宗教献祭的因素,还有世俗传统的融入与影响,其他自由身份的女性按部就班地完成签立婚约、订婚、呈送聘礼、婚礼、入住夫家等程序,而女性奴隶的婚姻则完全是受其主人操控。
In Old Babylonian Period, the cloister in Sippar is the important holy place that also serves as a socioeconomic landmark. The marriage of females in Sippar under the control of patriarchal power can be divided into two kinds： the sacred marriage in the cloister and the secular marriage out of the cloister. In the sacred marriage, the naditu of Shamash is the bride, and the groom is the god. The family of the bride is involved in the sacred marriage to maintain and enlarge their family＇ s economic interests while finishing their religious duty. The naditu of Shamash widely participates in land sale, housing lease, and slave rent; they ensure their family＇ s interests by controlling the marriage of their female slaves. Among the secular female classes, the naditu of Marduk marries with the ordinary male under both religious and traditional influences. Other free females are faced with the regular process of marriage, including signing the marriage contract, engaging, sending betrothal gifts, holding wedding ceremony and entering husband＇ s house, while the marriage of female slaves is completely controlled by their owner.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2017年第2期83-90,共8页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
国家社科基金西部项目"<埃什嫩那法典>的汉译与研究"(14XSS002)阶段性成果
中国博士后科学基金第56批面上二等资助项目"古代两河流域收养问题研究"(2014M561451)阶段性成果
关键词
古巴比伦
西帕尔
女性
婚姻
In Old Babylonian Period, the cloister in Sippar is the important holy place that also serves as a socioeconomic landmark. The marriage of females in Sippar under the control of patriarchal power can be divided into two kinds： the sacred marriage in the cloister and the secular marriage out of the cloister. In the sacred marriage, the naditu of Shamash is the bride, and the groom is the god. The family of the bride is involved in the sacred marriage to maintain and enlarge their family＇ s economic interests while finishing their religious duty. The naditu of Shamash widely participates in land sale, housing lease, and slave rent
they ensure their family＇ s interests by controlling the marriage of their female slaves. Among the secular female classes, the naditu of Marduk marries with the ordinary male under both religious and traditional influences. Other free females are faced with the regular process of marriage, including signing the marriage contract, engaging, sending betrothal gifts, holding wedding ceremony and entering husband＇ s house, while the marriage of female slaves is completely controlled by their owner.
