从“独白”到“对话”:班级管理的转型

From Monologue to Dialogue :The Transition of Class Management

传统班级管理方式以主体性哲学为基础,在主客二元对立思维影响下,教师是唯一主体,学生被视为管理的对象和客体,教师在管理中控制、支配学生,师生之间缺乏对话和交往,学生处于被动、服从的"失语"状态,是一种"独白"式班级管理,教师主体性过度发挥,压抑、遮蔽了学生主体性的发挥和发展,给学生的身心健康发展造成阻碍。主体间性视阈下的人与人是平等的主体关系,强调各主体之间通过平等对话和交往实现相互理解、"视域融合"、"和谐共在"。基于主体间性哲学的班级管理因而表现为一种"对话"式管理,在师生间民主、平等关系前提下,通过对话和交往达成理解、认同和共识,有利于促进学生主体性和社会性的发展。

The traditional class management is based on subjectivity philosophy. Under the influence of dualism, teachers are regarded as the only subjects,while students are the objects who should be under management. During the traditional management process ,teachers always control and dominate students ,which lacks communications and dia- logues and makes students passive in the class management. In fact,such a class management is a monologue. As a re- suit, the subjectivity and the development of the students are blocked. In view of this,a new class management should be proposed under the intersubjectivity perspective. Intersubjeetivity means people are equal and focuses on thel mutual understanding,fusion of horizons and harmonious coexistence through free communications and active dialogues. This new class management is a dialogue instead of monologue, which can improve teacher-student relationship and promote the development of subjectivity and sociality of students.