新疆阿克苏枣黑斑病菌对戊唑醇的敏感基线及其抗药性研究

Research on Baseline Sensitivity and Resistance of Fungus Causing Jujube Black Spot to Tebuconazole in Xinjiang Aksu Area

从阿克苏地区枣园采集枣果黑斑病样本共分离得到55个菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了菌株对戊唑醇的敏感性。研究结果显示,塔里木大学园艺试验站16个菌株对戊唑醇的敏感性频率分布呈正态分布,因此可以将这16个菌株的EC50平均值作为枣黑斑病菌对戊唑醇的敏感基线。来自其它6个红枣栽培区的39个菌株中,抗性菌株27株,抗性频率达到69.23%。其中以中抗菌株为主,其抗性频率达46.15%,而低抗菌株抗性频率为12.82%,高抗菌株抗性频率为10.26%。敏感菌株共12株,占菌株总数的30.77%。由此推测,阿克苏地区枣黑斑病菌对戊唑醇已产生较为严重的抗性,为了提高病害防治效率,生产上应尽量限制戊唑醇的使用次数,应与甲氧基丙烯酸酯类、琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类杀菌剂交替使用,同时还应引进防治枣黑斑病的新型杀菌剂或生物农药。

55 isolates of Alternaria sp.were collected from the diseased fruits of jujube orchards in Xinjiang Aksu area,and the sensibility of isolates to tebuconazole were detected by mycelial growth rate method.The results revealed that the EC50 values of 16 isolates presented normal distribution,so the mean of EC50 values of 16 isolates could be used as baseline sensitivity.Fungicide resistance of 39 isolates were studied which collected from 6 cultivation area in Aksu area.The results showed that 27 of 39 isolates were resistant to tebuconazole,the resistance frequency was 69.23%.The isolates of moderate-level resistance were the main groups,the resistance frequency was 46.15%.But the isolates of low-level and high-level resistance frequency were 12.82% and 10.26% respectively.There were 12 sensitive isolates and accounted for 30.77 percent of the total.It is speculated that Alternaria sp.had developed resistance to tebuconazole in Xinjiang Aksu area.To improve the efficiency of disease prevention and control,the frequency of use of tebuconazole should be limited in the prevention of jujube black spot,and fungicides such as Qo Is and SDHI can be used alternatively.Meanwhile novel fungicides or biofungicides should be introduced for the control of jujube black spot.