基于鱼类产卵期栖息地需求的水库生态调度方法研究

Research on Reservoir Ecological Operation Method Based on Spawning Period Habitat Requirements of Fish

为减轻水利工程建设对水库库区及水库下游造成的不利生态影响,针对减水河段鱼类产卵繁殖的有效保护问题,以鱼类产卵期栖息地生境需求作为主要生态约束因子,结合生态水力学法、目标物种栖息地生态水文学特征的数字化处理与水温适宜性,建立了考虑鱼类产卵期栖息地需求的生态调度过程确定方法,以古水电站为例,选取光唇裂腹鱼为主要保护对象,获得了古水电站的生态调度过程,较好地保留了天然径流过程的涨落水变化和流量脉冲过程对光唇裂腹鱼产卵刺激的水文信息,使得光唇裂腹鱼获得更适宜的水力学环境,提升产卵概率,有效保护鱼类资源。

In order to reduce the adverse ecological impact of hydraulic project on the reservoir area and downstream of the reservoir, and for the effective protection of fish spawning in the segment of water reduced due to the diversion of hydropower station, a method of reservoir ecological reoperation considering the requirements of fish spawning period habitat has been established which takes the requirements of fish spawning period habitat as the main ecological constraint factors, combining with Eco - hydraulics method, Eco - hydrological characteristics of the target species and the water temperature suitability. Based on the method, take the example of Gushui hydropower station, choose Schizothoraxlissolabiatus as the protection target, the reservoir ecological operation regime of the Gushui hydropower station was obtained. It retained the fluctuation and discharge pulse of the river, which stimulated Schizothoraxlissolabiatus to spawn, and give them a more appropriate hydrodynamic environment, it could increase the probability of spawning and protect the Schizothoraxlissolabiatus resources effectively.