发售电价“有序放开”的方式与路径

The methods and pathways of the ordered deregulation for wholesale and retail electricity prices

电力发、售价格"有序放开"与"发、用电计划有序放开"是同一件事情,均依赖于电力批发市场的构建及其路径。售电侧价格放开不必与电力批发竞争同步,但用户价格须与批发市场价格联动。应按电压等级高低确定售电侧价格放开的对象或范围,保底供电价格基于"合理成本、合理盈利"原则确定。对风、光等可再生能源发电按资源区分类定价改为"定额补贴基础上的市场决定价格"制度。应大幅提高阶梯电价第二、三档的价格,以消除工商业用户对居民用户的交叉补贴。建立电力普遍服务基金。随电价征收的可再生能源发展基金应有预算控制,用于"南水北调"、"库区后扶持"的资金应与电价脱钩。

The ordered deregulation for wholesale and retail electricity prices is the same issue as the ordered deregulation of generation and utilization plan, which both rely on the establishment as well as the pathways to the power wholesale market.The deregulation for retail price does not need to keep up with the wholesale power competition. However, the price for users must be linked with the price in the wholesale market. The objects or the scope of the deregulation for retail price should be determined by its voltage level. Also, the default supply price has to be determined based on the principle of rational costs and rational profits. Simultaneously, the method of feed-in price by classifying the renewable power-supply resources, such as wind power and solar power, is altered to the system of market determined price on the basis of fixed subsidies. In addition, in order to eliminate the cross-subsidy which industrial users put onto the residential users, the price of tier two and three in the tiered pricing for residential users should be substantially increased. Furthermore,the fund for renewable energy development which is imposed on the electricity price should be controlled by budgets, and the fund in electricity price that using in South-to-North water diversion and the after-support for the water reserve area should be disconnected with the electricity price.