美国拉夫运河土壤污染事件的健康研究解析

Elucidation of Health Study on Soil Pollution Event of the Love Canal in US

目的对美国拉夫运河土壤污染事件中纽约州卫生部进行的健康研究工作进行解析,为我国环境与健康工作者提供可借鉴的研究思路和方法。方法通过环境调查、毒理学实验、问卷调查及实验室检测等方法对环境污染状况及人群健康效应进行研究。结果在土壤和沉积物样品中发现超过200种化合物。动物毒理实验未发现和污染表层土壤中挥发性和不挥发性化学物质一致的毒性效应。生活在紧邻填埋区的99街和运河历史有水地区自然流产和低出生体重有轻到中度的增加,其他疾病未发现有上升趋势。结论土壤污染事件涉及环境介质多、采样量大;污染物迁移与土壤类型有关;应尽快在全国范围内建立全面的流行病学监测体系,监测由环境暴露有毒物质而导致的健康影响。

Objective To provide a scientific thought and method on environment and health fields for China that referred to the elucidation of health study on soil pollution event of the Love Canal in the US that carried out by the New York State Department of Health. Method The status of environmental pollution and health effects were studied by the methods of environmental investigation,toxicological experiment,questionnaire survey,laboratory examination and so on. Results More than 200 organic compounds were presented in the soil and sediment samples. Animal studies related to the Love Canal landfill had not demonstrated any consistent pattern of toxic effects from volatile or nonvolatile compounds of contaminated surface soils. A slight to moderate excess of spontaneous abortions and low birth weight infants occurred in households on the 99 th Street bordering the landfill and in homes built on former wetlands in the canal area. No new incidences of other diseases were found. Conclusions Soil pollution event involves many environmental media and large sampling amount. Chemical migration is related to soil types. It＇s necessary to develop a comprehensive epidemiological surveillance program to monitor the health impact on environmental exposure to toxic agents throughout the country.