厦门市恙螨宿主及恙螨种类调查

Survey of chigger mites and their hosts in Xiamen City

目的调查厦门市恙螨宿主及恙螨的种类和优势种群,为预防和控制恙虫病提供依据。方法选择厦门市集美区、海沧区和同安区为监测点,收集鼠形动物耳壳和耳窝全部恙螨,用改良的幼虫封藏液封片,在显微镜下观察,鉴定种类。结果 2014-2015年在厦门市共捕获鼠形动物640只,分属于2目2科3属5种,其中啮齿目有1科2属4种,食虫目仅1种;褐家鼠(70.78%)为优势鼠种,总带螨指数为1.24。黄毛鼠带螨指数最高为1.74。鼠形动物共带恙螨虫6种。收集恙螨791只,属2亚科3属6种,以地理纤恙螨(46.78%)和小板纤恙螨(36.41%)为优势螨种,4种纤恙螨属恙螨数量占全部恙螨的87.10%。结论厦门市存在恙虫病传播的宿主动物和主要恙螨,应加强灭鼠灭螨工作,加强恙虫病预防控制工作。

Objective To investigate the chigger mites and their hosts and dominant population in Xiamen City,and provide the basis for prevention and control of tsutsugamushi disease. Methods All chigger mites were collected from the earlaps and auricular fossae of murine-like animal in Jimei District,Haicang District and Tongan District of Xiamen; chigger mite specimens were sealed with liquid seal and identified under a microscope. Results 640 murinelike animal were captured from 2014 to 2015,they were belonged to 5 species,3 genera,2 families and 2orders,including 4 species,2 genera,and 1 families of Rodentia and 1 species of Insectivora. Rattus norvegicus（ 70. 78%）was the dominant species. The total chigger index was 1. 24 and Rattus losea held the highest（ 1. 74）. The murinelike animal carried 6 species of chigger mites. Total 791 chigger mites,belonging to 6 species 3 genera and 2subfamilies,were collected and identified. Leptotrombidium delicense（ 46. 78%） and Leptotrombidium scutellare（ 36. 41%） were the dominant species,4 species of chigger mites which were identified from Leptotrombidium accounted for 87. 10% of all chigger mites. Conclusion There were tsutsugamushi disease main host animals and chigger vectors in Xiamen. Deratization should be strengthened,which is important to strengthen prevention and control of tsutsugamushi.