宝鸡市2013-2015年病媒生物密度监测分析

Surveillance on the density of main medical vectors in Baoji City from 2013 to 2015

目的掌握宝鸡市区鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂的种类及其季节消长规律,为病媒生物防治提供科学依据。方法鼠监测采用夹夜法;蚊采用灯诱法;蝇采用诱蝇笼法;蟑螂采用粘蟑纸法。结果共布鼠夹13 045夹次,捕获鼠类5种135只,鼠密度为1.03%,优势鼠种为小家鼠(73/135,74.48%)和黑线姬鼠(28/135,20.74%);共捕获4类1 159只成蚊,平均蚊密度为0.59只/(h·灯),淡色库蚊为优势蚊种;共布放诱蝇笼354笼,捕获各种成蝇1 585只,平均密度为4.48只/笼,优势蝇种是家蝇和麻蝇;共布放回收有效粘蟑纸7 275张,阳性722张,阳性侵害率为9.97%,共捕获蟑螂6 790只,均为德国小蠊,蟑螂密度为0.93只/张。结论相关部门在病媒生物活动高峰期做好病媒生物防治工作的同时,也要做好相关传染病的监测预警与控制。鼠类控制在城乡结合部,蚊虫的重点在公园和城镇居民区,蝇在餐饮和绿化带,蟑螂在农贸市场和宾馆饭店。

Objective To investigate the population structures and seasonal fluctuation of rats,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches,and provide scientific evidence for vector control. Methods Surveillance on rodents,adult mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches were carried out respectively with the night trapping,light trapping,cage trapping and sticky trapping. Results 135 captured rodents consisted of five species,and the average density was 1. 03%,and Mus musculus（ 73/135,74. 48%） and Apodemus agrarius（ 28/135,20. 74%） were the dominant species. 1 159 adult mosquitoes consisted of four species with the average density of 0. 59 pieces/（ h·lamp）,and Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species; 1 585 adult flies with the average density of 4. 48 pieces/cage,and flesh flies and Musca domestica were the dominant species. 6 790 Blattlla germanica were caught with the density of 0. 93 pieces/sheet.Conclusion Relevanted department should pay more attention to vector-borne diseases control and prevention during the activity peak of vector biological,and infectious disease monitoring and early warning. Rodent control should be taken in urban and rural areas,mosquito control in park and residential areas,flies in the dining and green belt areas,cockroaches in the farmers market and restaurants.