广州市居民膳食镉含量监测及暴露评估

Surveillance and dietary exposure assessment on cadmium in Guangzhou residents

目的了解广州市日常消费食品镉污染状况,评估居民膳食镉暴露风险。方法对2013—2015年广州市11类食品中的镉含量进行监测,结合2011年广州市居民膳食摄入量调查,应用WHO推荐的食品中化学污染物膳食暴露评估方法对广州市居民膳食镉暴露水平进行评估。结果共监测食品样品3 999份,镉平均含量为0.1 889 mg/kg,P50和P95镉含量分别为0.01和0.751 mg/kg,检出值范围为0.000 5~7.83 mg/kg;总检出率为75.04%(3 001/3 999),总超标率为1.50%(60/3 999)。居民主要膳食中镉平均每周暴露量为0.003 3 mg/kg BW,占耐受摄入量(PTWI)的47.14%。稻米、紫菜、蔬菜和水产品是镉摄入的主要来源,从这四类膳食中摄入的镉占总的膳食镉暴露量91.66%;然而对于膳食消费量高(P95)的人群,镉的周总暴露量为0.011 6 mg/kg BW,占PTWI 165.71%。结论大部分广州市居民膳食镉暴露水平位于安全限值以内,但高摄入量人群暴露量超过PTWI,对健康可能存在一定风险,应引起重视。

[Objective]To understand the cadmium pollution of daily consumed food in Guangzhou City,and evaluate the hazard of cadmium exposure in residents dietary. [Methods]Surveillance on the content of cadmium from 2013-2015 in 11 types of food combined with a survey on dietary nutrients intake of Guangzhou residents was conducted.A method recommended by WHO on the dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food was applied. [Results]A total of 3 999 food specimens were tested.The average cadmium contents were 0.188 9 mg/kg,the cadmium contents level at the 50 th percentile（P50）was 0.01mg/kg and 95 th percentile（P95）was 0.751mg/kg.The detection range was 0.000 5 mg/kg-7.83 mg/kg. The total detection rate was 75.04%（3 001/3 999）,and total over standard rate of 1.50%（60/3 999）. The cadmium exposure level per week was 0.003 3 mg/kg BW on average,which occupied 47.14% of PTWI. The main source of cadmium intake were rice,seaweed,vegetables and aquatic products,it occupied91.66% of total cadmium exposure level. For population with high dietary consumption（P95）,the total cadmium exposure level was0.011 6 mg/kg BW,occupied 165.71% of PTWI.[Conclusion]The level of dietary cadmium exposure from main food in Guangzhou is within safety limit. But the exposure level of high consumption population is over PTWI,thus there may be a certain risk of health that should attract more attention.