1996-2015年玉溪市甲乙类法定传染病流行趋势分析及防控对策

Analysis on epidemic trend of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases and its prevention and control strategies in Yuxi City from 1996-2015

目的通过分析玉溪市1996—2015年甲乙类法定传染病流行特征和趋势,为今后防制工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对玉溪市1996—2015年疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的甲乙类法定传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 1996—2015年共报告甲乙类法定传染病23种,其中甲类2种,1996年报告鼠疫2例,2009年报告霍乱20例;乙类21种,累计发病93 273例,死亡237人;发病率在155.7~320.7/10万之间波动;死亡率在0.05~1.31/10万之间,主要受艾滋病(AIDS)影响;疟疾、痢疾、伤寒与副伤寒发病率从近100/10万(构成比超过33%以上)下降到10/10万(构成比10%)以下;肺结核从1997年开始报告发病率33.8/10万上升到2004年的59.2/10万,2015年逐步下降到28.7/10万。肠道传染病影响1996—2007年疫情呈4—10月高发季节性特点;农民、学生及散居儿童病例占总数的65%以上,年龄分布2006年以前为0~9岁,2006年后为20~49岁,病例分别占总数的20%和45%以上。结论采取以重点疾病、乡镇、人群为重点的防治策略是有效遏制传染病高发的有效手段;实施政府主导,卫生、教育、农牧等多部门相互协同的防控机制是行之有效的。传染病对人类的威胁将长期存在,只有不断强化监测手段,采取综合防治的方法,完善防控机制及策略,落实各项措施及方案,才能有效应对各类传染病疫情。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristic and trend of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases in Yuxi City from 1996-2015,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control work in the future. [Methods]The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic data of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases which were reported by Yuxi Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System between 1996 and 2015. [Results]Totally 23 kinds of class A and B notifiable infectious diseases were reported from 1996-2015,including 2 cases of plague reported in 1996 and 20 cases of cholera reported in 2009,and there were 17 kinds of class B infectious disease,including 93 273 cases and 237 deaths.The incidence rates fluctuated between 155.7/lakh and 320.7/lakh,and the mortality rates fluctuated between 0.05/lakh and 1.31/lakh,which were mainly affected by AIDS. The incidence rates of malaria,dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid fevers decreased from100/lakh（constitute ratio more than 33%）to 10/lakh（constitute ratio about 10%）. The incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis increased from 33.8/lakh in 1997 to 59.2/lakh in 2004,and then gradually decreased,which reached 28.7/lakh in 2015. The epidemic situation from 1996-2007 was affected by intestinal infectious disease and showed a seasonal characteristic with the peak season of April to October. The cases of students,farmers and scattered children accounted for more than 65% of the total cases.The age distribution showed that the cases concentrated in 0-9 year-old age group before 2006 and 20-49 year-old age group after2006,which accounted for more than 20% and 45% of the total cases,respectively. [Conclusion]The prevention and treatment strategy which focus on priority diseases,key township and high-risk population is an effective means to control the infectious diseases. The implementation of the prevention and control mechanisms which lead by the government,cooperated by the health,education,agriculture,animal husbandry and other departments will be effectual. The threat of infectious diseases to human beings will exist for a long time,an effective response to the epidemic situation of infectious diseases depends on continuing to strengthen monitoring means,take comprehensive prevention and control method,improve the mechanism and strategy of prevention and control,implement the measures and solutions.