伊宁市维汉中小学生近视状况调查及环境因素分析

Investigation of myopia status and environmental factors of Uygur and Han students in primary and middle school of Yining City

目的了解2015—2016年伊宁市维汉中小学生近视状况,并探讨影响近视的相关因素,为改善中小学生近视状况提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在2015—2016年对伊宁市6所学校进行调查。结果 2 549名维汉中小学生中视力不良者占38.3%,汉族学生近视率(52.0%)明显高于维吾尔族学生近视率(23.0%)(P<0.01),中学生近视率明显高于小学生(P<0.01);逐步logistic回归分析结果显示,民族、读书时看书距离<30 cm、不良读写习惯、不做眼保健操、每次读写时间≥1 h、每天睡眠时间<8 h是伊宁市中小学生近视发病的主要危险因素。结论应针对伊宁市中小学生近视的主要危险因素采取预防与控制措施,改善学习环境。

[Objective] To understand the status of myopia among primary and middle school students of Uygur and Hau nationality in Yining City from 2015-2016, to explore the related factors of affecting myopia, and provide reference for improving the status of myopia. [Methods] A randomized cluster sampling method was used to investigate 6 schools in Yining City from 2015-2016. [Results] Of 2 549 Han and Uygur students, 38.3% were diagnosed with myopia, the myopia rate of the Han students（52.0%） was significantly higher than that of Uighur students （23.0%）（P〈0.01 ）, the myopia rate of middle school students was significantly higher than primary students （P〈0.01）. Stepwise logistic regression results showed that the nation, reading distance 〈30 cm, bad reading and writing habits, without eye exercises, over 1 hour reading or writing, daily sleep time 〈8 h were the major risk factors of myopia among primary and middle school students of Yining City. [ Conclusion] It is necessary to adopt prevention and control measures against major risk factors of myopia among primary and middle school students, to improve learning environment in Yining City.