解释和理解中国农业中的环保行动--以天津市于桥水库为例

Explaining and understanding environmental actions in Chinese agriculture:the case of Yuqiao watershed of Tianjin municipality

主要是由于排污和农业用水导致的磷素淋失,中国多数的地表水体正经历人类活动导致的富营养化。这导致了中国稀缺水资源的水质恶化。这个问题已经为中国政府所承认,也采取了措施,但人们预期的改进仍处于停滞状态。本文集中关注天津于桥水库周边的农民所采取的行动。正如常见的情形那样,这些农民过多使用化肥。磷素淋失因土壤磷吸附容量低、浅耕作层之下的粘土层实际上不透水而更加恶化。在强降雨期间,土壤变得饱和,造成磷素通过浅水水流被冲走。土壤中有机物含量低使情况更加恶化。本文记录了农民如何采取措施提高作物产量、改善环境和健康问题。比别人采取更多行动的农民自认为具有更好的务农能力。本文在作出结论时提出了政策措施建议。

Most of China's surface waters are undergoing anthropogenic eutrophication, mainly due to leaching of phosphorus(P) from both sewage and agriculture. This is causing quality deterioration in their scarce water resources.The problem has been acknowledged by Chinese authorities and actions sought implemented, though expected ameliorations are on hold. The study focuses on actions taken by farmers adjacent to Yuqiao reservoir. As is often the case, these farmers apply excessive amounts of fertilisers. The leaching of P is aggravated by poor P sorption capacity of the soils and a practically impermeable clay layer below a shallow ploughing layer. During heavy rainfalls the soils become saturated, causing P to be flushed out through shallow-water flow paths. A low content of organic matter in the soils makes things worse. This study documents how farmers are taking action to improve crop yield, the environment, and health issues.Farmers taking more action than othersconsider themselves as having good farming competence. The study concludes with suggested policy measures.