《三国志》质疑一则——赤壁之战前刘备退守地点考论

Query of The History of the Three Kingdoms: A Study of LIU Bei's Fallback Position

《三国志》文笔简洁、考据审慎的治史态度,为后人称道。但是,由于其行文过于简略之故,也造成了部分史实含混不清,记载存疑等情况。关于赤壁之战前刘备的退守地点,《志》的记载是夏口,而裴松之所引《江表传》的记载则是樊口。结合相关史料,通过从夏口与樊口的地理位置、两者对于曹操南征的战略意义、曹操南征真实目的的进行分析,可以看出,刘备的退守地点很可能并非江夏的夏口,而是鄂县的樊口。

The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou is characteristic of briefness and cautiousness, which is praised by the descendants. However, it is the briefness that leads to some vague historical facts and records. As for Liu Bei＇s fallback position before the Battle of Red Cliff, it is Xiakou in The History of the Three Kingdoms, but Fankou in Jiangbiao Zhuan which is cited by Pei Songzhi. Based on some historical materials, it analyzed the geographical position of Xiakou and Fankou, Xiakou and Fankou＇s strategic significance to Cao Cao, and the real purpose of Cao Cao＇ s conquest of the south. It holds that Liu Bei＇ s fallback position is Fankou in E County probably, instead of Xiakou.