成体干细胞在泌尿系统疾病修复与重建中的应用

Use of Adult Stem Cells in the Repair and Reconstruction of Urinary System Diseases

干细胞是目前生命科学研究的热点方向。干细胞具有自我更新及定向分化的潜在能力。近年来,干细胞移植治疗在治疗压力性尿失禁和膀胱损伤方面已成为研究重点,不同来源的干细胞在治疗膀胱损伤已取得瞩目的研究成果。干细胞对阴茎勃起神经和海绵体血管内皮细胞起着修复保护作用。干细胞具有向多种谱系细胞转化的能力来治疗压力性尿失禁。干细胞移植为泌尿系统的神经肌肉疾病的修复重建提供了一条新途径,使认为不可修复的的神经肌肉疾病的结构修复和组织重建成为可能。干细胞包括脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)、骨髓间充质干细胞(bone narrow mesenchymal stem,BMSCs)和肌源性干细胞(muscle-derived stem cell,MDSCs)等。组织工程学是一类交叉学科,主要包括综合细胞培养、材料构建和细胞种植等。组织工程技术为泌尿外科临床医师提供了一条修复乃至重建受损脏器的新思路。本文就利用干细胞作为种子细胞,对膀胱缺损、压力性尿失禁、勃起功能障碍泌尿系疾病的组织工程修复进行综述。

Stem cell research is a hot direction in the field of the life science. The stem cell is a special kind of cell with the abili- ty of self-renewal and differentiating into the desired cell lines.The stem ceils have become an ideal materical for cell transplantation. In recent years, the stem cell transplantation has become an important spot problem in the treatment of bladder injury. A lot of progress have been achieved regarding different sources of the stem cells for the treatment of the bladder injury. The stem cell has the capability of dif- ferentiating into multiple lineages that can be used to treat stress urinary incontinence. The stem cell-based therapies are targeted at re- pairing penile endothelium and protecting erectile nerves. The stem cell transplantation provides a novel pathway to treatment of the neu- romuscular diseases of the urinary system and the stem cell transplantation also enables the structure repair and the functional reconstruc- tion of the neuromuscular diseases that can be traditionally considered impossible. The stem ceils are classified according to their origin and their ability to differentiate. The stem cells include the adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs）, the bone narrow mesenchymal stem （BMSCs）and muscle-derived stem cell（MDSCs）and so on. Tissue engineering provides urologists a new way to fLX the impaired organs. This review focuses on the application of stem cells to lower tract reconstruction by tissue engineering in such diseases as bladder defect, stress urinary incontinence, and erectile dysfunction. Therefore, the stem cells have a wide application prospect. However, there still have some problems to be further solved.