轻度认知障碍的研究进展

Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment

老年性痴呆(阿尔茨海默病,Alzheimer disease,AD)是目前严重影响老年人生存质量的疾病,且疗效不佳。据推测到2050年阿尔茨海默病的患病率将是现今的三倍。轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是介于阿尔茨海默病和正常衰老之间的一种认知功能损害状态,是发生阿尔茨海默病的高危因素。文献报道轻度认知障碍每年以8%-25%的比例进展为阿尔茨海默病,较正常人群阿尔茨海默病发病率高10倍。与阿尔茨海默病病理损害不可逆相比,轻度认知障碍患者通过早期干预治疗,可延缓或阻止病情发展为阿尔茨海默病。因此,对阿尔茨海默病早期出现的轻度认知功能障碍诊断及干预尤为重要。本文就认知功能早期阶段,轻度认知功能障碍的历年(2000年到2014年3月)研究进展从概念及分型、临床表现、诊断标准、病理生理及其影像学研究、危险因素及其预防、干预措施(药物和非药物)等方面的最新进展进行论述。

Alzheimer disease （AD） is the main cause that affects the quality of life in elderly at present, and the curative effect on AD is not very good. Presumably to 2050 year the prevalence rates of AD would be three times the current. Mild cognitive impairment （MCI） is a state of cognitive function damage between AD and normal aging, which is the high risk factors for AD It has been reported MCI is progressing to AD in a ratio of 8% to 25%a year, which is 10 times higher incidence of AD than normal people. Compared with the irreversible pathological damage in Alzheimer＇s disease, mild cognitive impairment patients treated with early intervention can delay or prevent the progression to AD. Therefore, it＇s especially important to diagnose and intervene MCI that emerges in the early stage of AD. Here, the research progress of the MCI is reviewed in the paper from the concept and classification, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, pathology, physiology and its imaging studies, risk factors, prevention and intervention measures.