明清金山卫城的平面格局与营造特征

An Analysis on the Plane Layout and Construction Characteristics of Jin-shan-wei City in Ming and Qing Dynasties

金山卫城自明洪武建城起,历经清雍正立县、嘉庆迁县以及近代兵燹、日军登陆等重大事件,城市格局几经变迁,城内外水系、桥梁、街道、建筑均受影响,而其城市形态要素的演变背后隐藏着这座卫所军城的城市性格。金山卫城在营造上具有鲜明的"厌水性"特征,而有别于江南一般城市的亲水性格,反映了政治军事因素对城市构建的主导性,此种特性在两浙沿海卫所军城中具有普遍意义。

Located at the border of Zhejiang and Shanghai, Jin-shan-wei City was the Wei-suo city in the largest scale with the military officers in the highest level stationed in the coastal area in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study its plane layout and evolution. Ever since its establishment in Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty, Jin-shan-wei City had witnessed many important events including establishing and moving the county in Yongzheng and Jiaqing Periods of the Qing Dynasty re- spectively. As a matter of fact, changes had taken place on the plane layout of the city in terms of the water system, bridges, streets and architectures. Indeed, the individuality of the city is adequately covered through the evolution of the city structural el- ements. Quite different from other cities in Jiangnan region, the construction of Jin-shan-wei City is characterized by its distinc- tive hydrophobic orientation, which shows the dominance of the political and military elements in the construction of the city and is of general significance for Wei-suo cities in the coastal area of Liang-zhe region.