板栗(Castanea millissimaB1.)空苞形成因子的研究——Ⅰ.授粉受精对板栗空苞形成的影响

STUDY ON FACTORS OF AFFECTING EMPTY-BUR FORMATION OF CHINESE CHESTNUT ( CASTANEA MOLLISSIMA BL. )Ⅰ. EFFECTS OF POLLINATION AND FERTILIZATION ON EMPTY-BUR FORMATION OF CHINESE CHESTNUT

板栗空苞率高是其低产的重要原因之一。本研究通过人工授粉、剪除雌花柱头等试验发现:板栗不经授扮,座苞率高达68%以上;授粉受精不良不是板栗落果的主要原因,但不经授粉所结果球全为空苞。如选择亲和力强的花粉授扮,可以大大减少空苞;自花授粉者空苞率较高(平均高达18.3%),以混合花粉授粉,不仅空苞率很低(平均为0.4%),而且总苞内的果实数显著高于自花授扮。上述结果说明,授粉受精不良是板栗形成空苞的主要原因之一。

The hight percentage of empty-bur is one of important reasons of lower yield of Chinese chestnut. The rest results of artificial pollination and cut-off stigmas of female flowers showed that the setting bur rate of non-pollination treatment was more than 68% and all of them were empty, the setting bur rate of self-pollination was 71.4% with a higher rate of empty burs ( 18.3% ) , and the mixed pollen pollination of several cultivars ( Liuyuebao, Zongguozaoli, Zongchili et. al. ) borne 73.1% burs with 0.4% empty-bur. The study revealed that Chinese chestnut could bear burs under nonpollination and bad pollination and fertilization was one of main reasons of empty-bur formation. And the difference of bur drop percentage of several pollination treatment was not evident, so the authors considered that poor pollination and fertilization was not a main reason of bur drop in the chestnut.