斑翅果蝇和黑腹果蝇侵害的葡萄微生物多样性的动态变化

Dynamics of microbial diversity in red grapes infested by Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster

[目的]为了解斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii和黑腹果蝇Drosophila melangaster侵害葡萄微生物的动态变化,寻找与两种果蝇密切相关的微生物种类。[方法]本研究利用自然腐烂和两种果蝇分别危害的方法处理葡萄,经过2、4、6、8、10 d的腐烂时间后,对葡萄进行微生物分离纯化,并对分离得到的细菌及真菌分别采用16S rDNA和ITS基因分析的方法进行鉴定。[结果]总共分离鉴定出25种细菌和7种真菌。随着处理时间的延长,两种果蝇对微生物的动态也产生了影响。果蝇侵害后的葡萄中滋生的细菌和真菌种类明显多于自然条件下的葡萄,其中黑腹果蝇侵害第4天时微生物种类最为丰富,而斑翅果蝇侵害8d后微生物种类最多。另外,果蝇的侵害导致葡萄中产生了大量白地霉Geotrichum candidum,而只有黑腹果蝇侵害后的葡萄中培养出了3种醋酸菌Acetofbacter spp.。[结论]果蝇加速了葡萄的腐烂和微生物的滋生,与两种果蝇均密切相关的微生物是白地霉,而相比斑翅果蝇而言,黑腹果蝇与醋酸菌的关系更为密切。本研究可为探索微生物、葡萄、果蝇三者之间的协同进化关系提供理论基础。

[Objectives] To understand the dynamics of microbial diversity in red grapes infested by Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster and identify microorganisms associated with these two species. [Methods] Microorganisms in red grapes infested by D. suzukii and D. melanogaster for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, days were separated, purified, and identified with ITS and 16S rDNA genetic analysis. [Results] 25 species of bacteria and 7 species of fungi were identified. Microbial diversity was affected by infestation with either D. suzukii or D. melanogaster. The number of microorganism species in grapes infested by these species exceeded that in control grapes. Peak numbers of microorganism species were recorded after infestation by D. melanogaster for 4 days, and after infestation with D. suzukii for 8 days. Infestation with D. suzukii and D. melanogaster generated Geotrichum candidum. Three species of Acetobacter spp. were only cultivated from grapes infested by D. melanogaster. [Conclusion] Infestation by D. suzukii or D. melanogaster accelerated the decay of red grapes and the generation of microorganism species, including G. candidum. Acetobacter spp. was more strongly associated with D. melanogaster than with D. suzukii. This study provides a theoretical foundation for investigating coevolution between grapes, Drosophila spp. and microorganisms.