文学与思想史研究的问题意识

The Question in the Study of Literature and Intellectual History

文学与思想史的跨学科研究,虽然是近年来才更有意识加以倡导的研究取向,但事实上在中国比较文学学科发轫之初就已付诸实践。王国维的《红楼梦评论》、鲁迅的《摩罗诗力说》等乃是其中的典范之作,新时期以来这方面的研究也是方兴未艾。本文从文学与思想史研究的问题意识出发,试图强调下列几方面的问题。其一,将文学与思想、心态和精神的历史联系起来,不是一种机械的拼合与杂糅,而应该是一种相互渗透和交融,从最高意义上说,是为了恢复文学研究的人文学品格;其二,文学与思想史的连接,非但不是要简单地用文学和语言的材料证明思想史的结论,而且恰恰是要激活"如何说"与"说什么"之间的有机关联;其三,文学是对真理问题和个体命运具体而直接的表达,因而它也为我们质疑那些约定俗成的"常识"与"定见"、那些一成不变的命题和所谓"普遍规律"提供了最大可能性,而这也正是比较文学之所以成为比较文学的题中应有之义。

Although the interdisciplinary study of literary and intellectual history was not knowingly called for until recent years in China, it was put into practice even at the outset of establishing the discipline of Chinese comparative literature. For instances, Wang Guowei＇ s On A Dream of the Red Chamber （ hong lou meng ping lun）, and Lu xun＇ s On the Power of Satanical School of Poetry （mo luo shi li shuo） had set excellent models in this kind of studies. Since the new era of China, the related studies have also been in a crescen- do. This paper intends to attach weight to the following questions from the perspective of literature and intellectual history studies： first of all, to connect literature with thoughts, mentality and the history of spirit, is not to mechanically piece or blend them together, but to let them mutually penetrate and melt into each other, which in the highest sense, is to restore literature studies as humanities; Secondly, the connection between literature and in- tellectual history, is not simply to employ the materials of literature and language to prove the conclusions of intellectual history, but to activate the organic link between ＂how to say＂ and ＂what to say＂ ; Last, given that literature is to specifically and directly express the truths and the individual fates, it provides the greatest possibility for us to challenge those conventional ＂common senses＂ and ＂decided opinions＂, and those changeless propo- sitions and so-called ＂universal laws＂. This is also as true of comparative literature as it is.