《哀希腊》百年译介活动的语言符号学考察

A Semiotic Study of a Century's Translation of “The Isles of Greece”

肇始于1902年的《哀希腊》百年汉语翻译史,映射的是不同译者把拜伦诗歌纳入历史语境、注入个体生命的诠释过程。源文本只有一个,目标文本可以无穷衍生;目标文本在转化源文本的同时在语内交流系统中相互对话,泽者的存在论地位与影响的焦虑亦在此凸显。梁启超、马君武的《哀希腊》译本为时局政教服务的认知取向,促使拜伦和诗歌主人公的形象成为结构于启蒙救亡意识形态的文化想象。苏曼殊、胡适、查良铮等人的译本在着意考量语际交际的同时,更倾力探索东西文学审美的共同体与文学语言的共通语法。这些各有千秋、溯古还今的诗性创译实践,直接促成《哀希腊》在远离源语言文化的异域文坛成为文学经典,亦使之成为透视中国近现代文学翻译的万花筒。

The Chinese translation of ＂The Isles of Greece＂ over the past century mapped the various interpretation in which the translators incorporated historical contexts and indi- vidual experience into Byron＇s poetry. There can be infinite target texts ＂deriving＂ from the sole source text, and these target texts communicate with each other in the intralingual system, highlighting the translators＇ respective existential standpoint and the anxiety of in- fluence. The poetic acts upon tradition and transformation render ＂The Isles of Greece＂ a classic in the foreign field of literature far away from its birthplace and also a kaleidoscope reflecting the literary translation endeavors in modern China.