《水死》中的神话原型与文化隐喻再探

Research on Myth Archetype and Cultural Metaphor in Death by Water

大江健三郎的《水死》以追溯父亲"水死"之谜为主线,讲述了三代人寻找和重建记忆与身份的故事。其核心意象"水死"既是对日本民俗传统的继承,同时具有现实指向,借助《金枝》中揭示的神话原型才能理解其核心内涵。仪式性的"水死"指向回归母体和新生,而非为天皇殉死。大江健三郎借用了神话的框架,将个体经验重新熔铸,创造出一系列具有代表性的隐喻体系,如"村庄—国家—宇宙"的同构关系,森林—女性作为生命源头象征,以红皮箱—空信封暗示记忆的开放性,在层层套嵌的叙事结构中,作者、主人公和民族共同体的命运融为一体,记忆和历史的权威性被重新拷问。"水死"作为一种跨文化神话原型在大江的笔下成了一个支点,不仅撬动了近代日本历史的军国主义外壳,更成为重建民族集体记忆的基点,凸显出神话仪式对于文化共同体的价值。

Death by Water is the title and also core story of Kenzaburo Oe＇s latest novel which is based on Japanese folklore and culture, and contains strong will of protesting militarism common in Kenzaburo Oe＇s works. The ritual of death by water implicates mythical rebirth discussed in The Golden Bough by Fazer, rather than sacrificing for Mikado. Kenz- aburo Oe took the myth-archetype as a framework, integrated individual experience in and created a representative metaphor system, such as ＂village -- country -- universe＂ struc- ture, forest -- women as the source of life, the red suitcase -- empty envelope as a meta- phor of the openness of memory. In this novel Kenzaburo Oe questioned the authority of modern Japanese militaris history while reconstructing the basis of the national collective memory, highlighting the value of mythology for a cultural community.