南宋江南圩田开发中政府公共职能探析

On the Government Public Functions of Developing the Polder of South of the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty

南宋江南圩田开发中,政府公共职能发挥极其重要,其兴修、管理、控制职能,不同时期体现不同。高宗时期,主要体现在兴修上,而管理和控制是欠缺的,以解决政权稳固、财政和民生问题。孝宗、光宗时期,以管理和控制为主,以缓解圩田水旱灾害。宁宗以后时期,政府放弃兼顾民生的圩田政策,再度采取偏重租课的圩田政策,管理围绕圩田租课进行,控制是圩田开掘和放任势家重新围田并行。南宋江南圩田开发中的政府公共职能发挥特点:南宋政府圩田政策和实践活动的出发点是增加财政收入;重兴修而轻管理和控制;对私人滥开圩田控制不足;圩田兴修与水利建设结合不够等。由于政府公共职能发挥不足,江南圩田特别是太湖流域圩田开发失控,使生态破坏严重,水旱灾害频发。

In developing the polder of south of the Yangtze River in the southern song dynasty, the government public functions were very important, its functions of building and management and controlling changed according during different political and economic situations. During the Gaozong emperor period, the functions were reflected in building, management and controlling were defective to solve the government＇ s sta- bility and finance and livelihood issues. During Xiaozong and Guangzong emperor period, management and controlling were main to ease the floods and droughts of polder. The period after Ningzong, the government gave up the polder policy combining with livelihood issues and adopted the polder policy laying particular stress on polder taxes, the management was executed combining with polder taxes and controlling were dredging polder and indulging landlord build the polder again. The characteristic of the government public functions of devel- oping the polder of South of the Yangtze River in the southern song dynasty： the starting point of policy and practice of polder was increasing the state tax revenue;The government paid attention to building and ne- glected management and controlling; controlling private building the polder was short; combining the polder building with water conservancy construction was short, and so on.Because the development of the government public functions was short, the development of the polder of south of the Yangtze River and Taihu Basin especially was out of control and ecological damage was serious and the floods and droughts were frequent.