历史档案数字化著录存在的问题与对策研究

Research on the Problems Existed in Digitizing Description of Historical Archives and Its Solutions

著录是档案数字化的关键步骤,也是决定数字化档案利用效果的重要环节。从国内历史档案数字化实践来看,著录工作耗时较多,成为影响数字化工作进度的瓶颈;历史档案著录工作有分阶段完成的趋势,著录方式有内包和外包。历史档案著录客体存在量大、整理基础差、文字识别难等问题,著录主体存在专业人才缺乏的问题,著录标准存在内容不全和不统一的问题,工作环境存在影响健康的问题。为提高历史档案著录工作水平,需要从国家战略的高度制订规划,加大投入;同时加强人才培养,增加人才储备;完善标准,提高著录精度;最后要通过优化流程和技术创新,通过众包的方式,充分利用社会计算资源,降低著录成本,提高著录效率。

description is a key procedure of the archive digitization and it decides the effect of the use of digitized archives. From the domestic practice of digitization of historical archives, the description work is time-consuming and become a bottleneck which prolongs the whole process of the digitization. The description work tends to be finished by stages and there are two description methods including the insourcing and the outsourcing. Several problems exist in the description work： the resources of the historical archives are usually in large quantities, not well-collected and the writing could be difficult to identify, the description group lacks professionals,the description standard＇s content is incomplete and not unified, the work environment affects the workers＇ health. In order to improve the ＇descriptionwork of historical archives, the program of work should be based on the national strategy, input should be increased; meanwhile we should enhance the talent training to augment the talent reserve; the description standard should be completed to increase the accuracy of digitization and finally, we should optimize processes and innovate technology, and we can reduce the description costs and increase description efficiency by using the method of crowdsourcing and by making a full use of the social computing capacity.