农村地区0～3岁儿童看护人养育观念和行为的研究

Study on parenting concepts and behaviors of caregivers with children under 3 years old in rural areas of China

目的了解中国农村地区3岁以下儿童看护人的养育观念和行为,为今后相关干预提供资料和建议。方法 2015年3-4月对河南省某自然村3岁以下儿童看护人进行个人深入访谈和参与性观察,内容包括喂养、健康、发展、管教、早期教育等。访谈进行现场录音,并记录关键节点和观察内容,后期进行文本转录、归类编码及内容分析。结果父母均外出打工,祖父母作为第一看护人的情况较普遍。看护人育儿观念落后,养育知识和技能匮乏,表现为儿童喂养和健康上有误区,管教方式简单粗暴,对儿童早期发展的认识片面、狭隘,家中没有适宜的图书和玩具,没有提供丰富的环境刺激,没有进行充分的亲子互动。结论农村地区的养育观念和行为不利于儿童发展,亟需开展以家庭为中心的儿童早期发展服务。

Objective To understand parenting concepts and behaviors of caregivers with children under 3 years old in rural areas of China,and provide information and recommendations for the related intervention in the future. Methods Individual in-depth interviews with caregivers and participatory observation were used in a natural village in He＇nan province from March to April in 2015,the contents included feeding,health,development,discipline,and early education. The key node and contents of observation were recorded and writed down when interviewing with the caregivers. Text transcription,classification,coding and content analysis were used in the study.Results It was common that the primary caregivers were grandparents when parents were out-migration for work. Caregivers＇ parenting concepts were out-dated,and they lacked parenting knowledge and skills,there were some misunderstandings on children＇s feeding and health,the discipline means were simple and crude,the understanding of early childhood development was one-sided and narrow,there was no suitable books and toys in the home with limited environmental stimulation and parent-child interaction. Conclusion Parenting concepts and behaviors in rural areas are not good for children＇s development,family-centered early children development services is urgently needed.