2015年嘉兴市居民健康素养水平现状调查分析

Health literacy of residents in Jiaxing city in 2015

目的:了解嘉兴市居民健康素养水平,分析居民健康素养的主要影响因素,为城乡居民健康教育工作提供科学的依据。方法:分层多阶段随机抽样方法,对全市5个国家卫生市(区)4 000名非集体居住的15~69周岁城乡常住人口开展健康素养问卷调查。结果:嘉兴市居民健康素养为17.5%,其中基本健康知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养等三个维度素养具备率分别为25.9%、20.3%和27.1%;以公共卫生问题为导向,从科学健康观素养、传染病防治素养、慢性病防治素养、安全与急救素养、基本医疗素养和健康信息素养6类健康问题评价我市居民健康素养水平分别为:46.0%、23.8%、9.8%、62.5%、14.2%和23.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示能够获取健康知识、城市、本地户籍、自身健康状况好的居民健康素养水平更高。结论:嘉兴市居民健康素养水平总体上不容乐观,城乡居民、文化程度、职业是居民健康素养最重要的影响因素,年龄、性别、户籍、健康状况不同程度地影响城乡居民健康素养。健康教育事业形式严峻,应积极开展健康知识的宣传活动,开展分层、分类的个性化健康教育,强化健康促进行动,不断提升健康素养水平。

Objective To explore the level of health literacy of residents in Jiaxing city,and to analyze the main influ- encing factors of residents＇ health literacy, so as to provide scientific basis for the health education of urban and rural residents. Methods A stratified multi-- stage random sampling method was used to investigate the health literacy of 4000 non--collective residents aged 15 to 69 in urban and rural areas in five cities of China. Results The health literacy rate of residents in J iaxing was 17.5 % ;the possession rate of basic health knowledge and concept literacy,healthy lifes- tyle and behavioral literacy, and basic skills literacy were 25.9%, 20. 3% and 27. 1% respectively; Judging from the perspective of public health issues, the literacy levels of the residents in scientific view of health, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and emergency care, primary health care and health information were 46. 0% ,23.8%,9. 8%, 62. 5%, 14. 2% and 23. 7%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that health literacy of urban residents with available health knowledge, local household registration and good health was higher. Conclusions The level of health literacy of residents in Jiaxing City is not optimistic. Urban and rural residents, education level and occupation are the most important influencing factors of health literacy. The health literacy of urban and rural residents is influenced by age, gender, household registration and health status. Health education is vital for the promotion of health literacy, including launching publicity campaign of health knowledge, carrying out stratified and classified personalized health education, and enhancing health promotion.