摘要
Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The ＂material＂ in historical materialism is a social thing which is ＂perceptible and imperceptible by the senses＂ and connotes social relations; and the ＂history＂ in historical materialism is the realm in which contradictions between man and nature and between man and society are able to unfold, so historical materialism is ＂actually a critical view of the world＂ that inherently contains dialectics in a ＂rational form.＂ The formulation of historical materialism opened a new path for the development of materialism and even philosophy as a whole. In the course of its critique of capitalist society, which unfolds with capital as a core category, historical materialism sublates abstract existence and discovers real social existence, thus putting an end to metaphysics, which is grounded in abstract ontology.
自然唯物主义、人本唯物主义、历史唯物主义是唯物主义的三种历史形态，历史唯物主义的“物”，是承载着社会关系内涵的“可感觉而又超感觉”的社会的物，历史唯物主义的“历史”是人与自然、人与社会的矛盾得以展开的境域，历史唯物主义是内含“合理形态”辩证法的“真正批判的世界观”。历史唯物主义的创立为唯物主义以至整个哲学的发展开辟了一条新的道路。在以资本为核心范畴而展开的对资本主义社会的批判过程中，历史唯物主义扬弃了抽象的存在，发现了现实的社会存在，并由此终结了以抽象本体论为基础的形而上学。
