妊娠中期妇女餐问零食与血糖水平的相关性分析

Correlation between snacking and blood glucose level of pregnant women in their second trimester

目的了解健康妊娠期妇女与糖耐量异常妊娠期妇女在妊娠中期的餐后血糖水平以及餐间零食习惯，为日后有针对性地进行营养宣教及营养干预提供参考。方法2016年9至12月于上海市第六人民医院对166名处于孕24～28周的妊娠期妇女进行有关餐间零食习惯、体力活动、睡眠质量方面的问卷调查，并根据妊娠期血糖筛查结果将调查对象分成血糖水平正常组（97人）和血糖水平异常组（69例），比较调查结果。结果两组妇女摄入餐间零食所获日均能量和三大营养素分别提供的能量均无差异（P〉0．05），但在选择零食种类上，餐后血糖异常组较餐后血糖正常组，有更多人会选择糯米类（17．4％比4．1％）、蛋糕类（37．7％比20．6％）、果干类（13．0％比4．1％）食物作加餐（P均〈O．05），而餐后血糖正常组比起餐后血糖异常组，更多人会选择蔬菜类（28．9％比11．6％）、坚果类（64．5％比47．8％）食物作为餐间零食（P均〈0．05）。结论孕妇在孕期既要重视少食多餐，也需注意选择高营养素密度的餐间零食。

Objective To understand the blood glucose level and snacking habits in both healthy pregnant women and those with abnormal glucose tolerance during their mid pregnancy, for the purpose of providing reference for implementing nutrition education and intervention programs. Methods A questionnaire interview on ＂snack habits, physical activity, sleep quality＂ was conducted among 166 pregnant women in Shanghai Sixth People＇s Hospital. Subjects were then divided into normal group （n=97） and abnormal group （n=69） according to the results of blood glucose screening. Results There were no differences in snack intake and the energy generated from the three major nutrients between the two groups of women. However comparing to the normal group, women in abnormal group were more likely to choose the glutinous rice （17.4% vs. 4.1%）, cake （37.7% vs. 20.6%） and dried fruit （13.0% vs. 4.1%）, while comparing with women in abnormal group, women in normal group tend to choose vegetables （28.9% vs. 11.6%） and nuts （64.5% vs. 47.8%） as between-meal snacks. Conclusion The study suggested that pregnant women may continue the principle of ＂frequent meal at reduced volume＂ everyday, while starting to learn how to makegood selection of high-nutrient-density snakes.