全球航运战略支点识别

Identification of Global Strategic Shipping Pivot

随着贸易与战略物资运输对远洋海运依赖程度的加深,航运安全成为影响国家经济安全的战略性问题。在此背景下,航运战略支点建设成为推动"21世纪海上丝绸之路"建设和深化全球贸易联系的重要途径。文章界定了航运战略支点的科学内涵,设计了识别方法并在全球范围内识别了航运战略支点,以期为"一带一路"建设提供决策依据。研究发现,航运战略支点存在战略枢纽、战略通道与战略海域的结构性与空间性分异。目前,全球存在44个战略枢纽,分别成为各区域航运网络组织的控制中枢;存在7个战略通道,集束全球主要的航线与货运量并控制着战略性物资的全球运输;加勒比海、地中海、东南亚-太平洋三大航运战略海域,成为重要航区与经济区之间联系的必经之地。这些航运战略支点对我国的战略物资运输与贸易往来具有重大影响。

With the fast development of global trade and transportation of oil and minerals, reliance of national economic development on maritime shipping is increasing and thus shipping security becomes a major part of national security. For China, building strategic maritime shipping pivots is a key component of the development of the 21th Century Maritime Silk Road, and the security of international trade as well. This study tries to develop the notion of strategic shipping pivot and a method to identify strategic pivots at the global scale. The analysis results presented in this paper indicate that global strategic shipping pivots have clear spatial and structural differentiation in terms of strategic hub, strategic corridor, and strategic sea. There are 44 strategic shipping hubs distributed dispersedly in the world, which are the control points in each regional shipping network. There are seven strategic shipping corridors that channel most shipping routes and control most cargo traffic in the world, especially the strategic cargoes such as oil, coal, and minerals. Besides, there are three strategic seas, i.e. the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and Southeast Asia-Pacific seas, where most shipping corridors and routes converge. Several of such strategic pivots are identified which are vital to the security of China＇s trade with other countries.