卫德明易学宇宙论思想研究

On Hellmut Wilhelm's Cosmology Based on His Yi jing Study

在易学诠释活动中,诠释者们不仅追溯古经"本义",而且藉此阐发个人的释《易》体系。卫德明受"索隐派"神学影响,他对《易经》"宇宙论"的研究以"天邑"的形制为起点,提出"原型"构想。根据"天邑"之形"曼陀罗"的弱"循环时间"性,卫德明发现"空间表达时间"的研究方法,并将其运用至《易经》的卦序之中。卫德明利用莱布尼茨的"二进制",将"先天卦序"的排列顺序按照从000000到111111的数理逻辑展开。藉此,卫德明从中国"本体宇宙论"的立场出发,以数字为媒介,实现了六十四卦对"抽象时间"的表达,并建立了"完整的原型系统"。但是卫德明的诠释仍有值得商榷之处:以邵雍易学为基础,对"本义"追溯不足;忽略0和1的先后次序,对宇宙起源的论述含混不清;材料引而不证,给诠释体系带来危机。

Interpreters of the Yi jing not only strive to pursue its original meanings, but also intend to establish their own hermeneutic system. Influenced by the Figurism, Hellmut Wilhelm put the formation of the ＂Heavenly City＂ as the starting point of his study of the cosmology in the Yi jing and proposed the idea of archetype. Due to Mandala＇ s weakness of ＂circling time＂, Hellmut discovered ＂space can express time＂ and applied this idea to his interpretation of the sequence of the hexa- grams. Inspired by Leibniz＇s binary system, Hellmut transferred the Former Heaven sequence of the hexagrams to the nu- meral order, i.e., from 000000 to 111111, whereby he based himself on Chinese onto-cosmology, took advantages of numbers as a medium, realized the expression of the ＂abstract time＂ by the sixty-four hexagrams, and established a ＂complete archetypal system.＂ However, there are still a few of points open to discussion. Given that his theory was based on Shao Yong＇s （1011-1077） scholarship on the Changes, original meaning of the text of the Yi jing was not retraced thoroughly; as he ignored the sequence of 0 and 1, the origin of the cosmos could not be elearly seen; several materials were cited without argumentation, which led to the crisis to his interpretative system.