元代帝王信仰与易学神秘旨归

Emperors' Faith and Mystification of the Changes in the Yuan Dynasty

作为一统中原的异族王朝,清朝统治者重视理性层面的依据——"治人",而蒙元帝王则更信赖神性的依据——"治术数",甚至通过设置阴阳学将神秘术数制度化,以确保术数获得官学身份而成为举国上下行事决策普遍运用之基础。与此同时,易学的学理性特征凸现为"象数优先"范式,它捩转了宋易经传象数皆为义理载体的次要地位,而将象数视为解《易》的第一要素,且在象数的阐释中形成了象数之变玄妙莫测、象数之悟需人神通灵方能开显的神秘论断。帝王术数信仰与易学学理范式二者互为增长,共同呈现出神秘化的易学形态和由理性回归感性的易学演进逆流。

The Yuan （1271-1368） and Qing （1636-1912） dynasties were established by the previously alien Mongolians and Manchus respectively. The rulers of the Qing dynasty attached importance to the rational basis of ruling over the people. However, rulers of the Yuan dynasty mainly depended on their faith in divinity and emphasized technical numerology related to divination. Moreover, rulers of the Yuan dynasty even systematized the mysterious technical numerology through the establishment of the study of yin-yang theory so as to ensure the official position of numerology as the basis for decision-making throughout the whole nation from top to bottom. Accordingly, Changes scholarship was characterized by the ＂image-numerology first＂ paradigm, which reversed the Song （960-1279） tradition where meanings and principles were put in the first place and image-numerology in the second place. On this account, rulers of the Yuan dynasty regarded image-numerology as the supreme element when interpreting the Changes and claimed that image-numerology was so mysterious and unfathomable that only those able to communicate with spirits could grasp its real meanings. Emperors＇ faith in divination and the theoretical paradigm of Changes scholarship were mutually reinforcing, and as a consequence, Changes scholarship was mystified and experienced a retrogression from rationality to passion.