护理风险评估在开放式病房抑郁患者中的应用

Application of nursing risk assessment for patients with depression in open wards

目的探讨开放式病房中抑郁症患者的自杀、自伤风险的评估及防范措施。方法选取2016年5-10月于肇庆市第三人民医院医学心理科开放式病房收治的抑郁症患者共60例。使用自杀风险评估、精神科护理风险评估和抑郁自评量表对其进行评估,并根据评估结果对存在风险的项目进行加强干预和重点护理。结果轻度抑郁症患者12例(20.0%),中度抑郁症患者34例(56.7%),重度抑郁症患者14例(23.3%)。不同抑郁程度患者的自杀风险等级,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),重度抑郁症患者的高自杀风险患者显著多于轻度抑郁症和中度抑郁症患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同程度抑郁症患者在自伤、外走和冲动伤人毁物的风险,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对开放式病房中抑郁患者使用自杀风险评估、精神科护理风险评估和抑郁自评量表,能够了解其自杀、自伤潜在风险,并在薄弱环节加强护理干预,有助于减少该类患者自杀、自伤等恶性行为的发生。

Objective To investigate the idioctonia, self injury risk assessment and preventive measures for the patients with depression in open wards. Methods 60 cases of depression in open wards of The Third People＇s Hospital of Zhaoqing from May 2016 to October 2016 were enrolled in the study. Idioctonia risk assessment, psychiatric nursing risk assessment and self rating Depression Scale were used to assess the risk of suicide. And according to the evaluation results to strengthen the intervention and focus on nursing for the risk of the project. Results There were significant differences in the level of suicide risk among patients with different degrees of depression （P〈0.05）, with 12 cases of mild depression （20%）, 34 cases of moderate depression （56.7%）, 14 cases of severe depression （23.3%）. The patients with major depression were significantly more than the patients with mild depression and moderate depression （P〈0.05）. The difference for patients with different degree of depression in self injury, go outside, out of impulse and destructive risk was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion With the use of suicide risk assessment, psychiatric nursing risk assessment and self rating depression scale, it＇s helpful to understand the idioctonia, self potential risks, strengthen the nursing intervention in the weak link and reduce the occurrence of malignant behavior such as this kind of self harm, idioctonia.