失能老年人的年龄及自理能力对家庭照顾者负担的影响

Study for the impact on family caregivers' burden by age and self-ability of the disabled elderly

目的探讨失能老年人的年龄、失能程度对家庭照顾者负担的影响。方法通过整群抽样,采用KatzADL、照顾者负担问卷(CBI)、自制的一般资料问卷对203例失能老年人及其家庭照顾者进行面对面调查。结果失能老年人家庭照顾者负担总分为(31.56±18.51)分,95.6%的家庭照顾者为轻度至中度负担;60~74岁年轻老年人的照顾者负担重于75~89岁老老年人和≥90岁长寿老年人的照顾者负担,年轻老年人的照顾者负担主要表现为较重的时间依赖性负担、发展受限性负担及身体性负担;完全失能老年人的照顾者负担高于部分失能老年人照顾者,表现为较高的时间依赖性负担、发展受限性负担、身体性负担以及情感性负担。结论失能老年人家庭照顾者普遍存在轻度至中度负担。年轻老年人、重度失能老年人的家庭照顾者负担更重,均以较重的时间依赖性负担、发展受限性负担、身体性负担为特点,后者还体现为较重的情感性负担。

Objective To study the associations between disabled elders＇ age , self-ability and family caregivers＇ burden. Methods A cluster sample of 203 disabled elders and their family caregivers were investigated with Katz- ADL, the caregiver burden inventory（CBI） and general information questionnaires. Results The score of CBI was 31. 56±18.51 and 95.6% of the family earegivers showed mild to moderate level of burden. Comparing with the family caregivers who cared for the disabled elders aged 75-89 and more than 90 age old, the caregivers who cared for those aged 60-74 presented higher levels of time-dependence burden, developmental burden and physical burden. The burden of fully dependent elders＇ caregivers were higher than the caregivers of partly dependent elders, including higher levels of time dependence burden, developmental burden, physical burden and emotional burden. Conclusions There are mild to moderate level of burden among most family caregivers of disabled elders. The family caregivers who take care of fully dependent or young elders suffer from higher levels of time-dependence burden, developmental burden, physical burden. Besides that, fully dependent elders＇ caregivers also experience higher level of emotional burden.