从“仪式性”看纪念馆的“文化展演”空间实践

“Rituality”and the Practice of Cultural Performances in Memorial Museums

作为一种独立的博物馆类型,学者从不同的角度对纪念馆的独特性予以阐述。纪念馆作为国家治理术的重要形式,从"仪式性"视角来看,纪念馆的参观实际上是一场仪式性的文化展演,其仪式内涵与价值便体现在了对国家叙事认同和集体身份的构筑过程中。纪念馆的仪式性特征贯穿于进馆、参观和出馆这一动态过程中。基于仪式理论,纪念馆序厅的设计要具有体验性,突出参观者的参与主体性,而且从仪式情感性来看,纪念馆的叙事文本要有故事性,营造一种高情感卷入度的感性氛围。

The memorial museum as a special museum type has been studied by scholars from different perspectives toward its uniqueness. It is an important form of governmentality. From the perspective of ＂ritu- ality＂, the visiting process to the memorial museum is by nature a cultural performance, the ritual connota- tion and value of which lie in the recognition of the national narrative and the construction of a collective identity. The rituality of the memorial museum runs through the entire visiting process from entering, through visiting to exiting. Based on the ritual theory, the design of the exhibition entrance should highlight the experience and the participation of the visitors. Furthermore, the narrative text of the exhibition should be story oriented, and the exhibition should create an atmosphere with high emotional involvements.