新中国成立初期外语教育政策研究及其启示

Study of foreign language education policies in the early stage after the founding of PRC and its implications

本文依据语言政策的"环境模式"和"动力模式"理论,以《中华人民共和国重要教育文献(1949—1975)》为语料来源,对新中国成立初期外语教育政策进行了统计和分析。统计数据显示,新中国成立初期外语教育政策的总量和比重较大,所涉语种较少,以俄语和英语为主;1957年后俄语和英语教育政策走向发生转变;体现外语人才平衡的政策较少,反映并纠正外语人才失衡的政策较多。分析结果表明,外语教育政策与经济社会发展存在相互作用关系。文章最后阐述了新中国成立初期外语教育政策研究对国家当今外语教育政策制定与实施的启示。

Based on the context model and force model of language policy, this paper analyzes foreign language edu- cation policies （FLEPs） in the early stage after the founding of PRC. With FLEPs from The Important Educational Documentations in China （1949-1975）, the analysis shows that FLEPs in the early stage after the founding of China were relatively large both in number and percentage, but involved limited foreign languages such as Russian and Eng- lish; Russian and English education policies had gone through major changes since 1957; foreign language policies showing the balance of language talents were fewer than those reflecting and addressing the talents imbalance. The pa- per concludes that FLEPs and socio-economic development interact with each other, and puts forward some implica- tions for foreign language policy making and implementation in current China.