植物类病毒脱除技术进展

Progress in plant viroid elimination techniques

类病毒是已知最小的植物病原物,可侵染蔬菜、果树以及花卉等多种农作物,并对农业生产造成严重影响。目前,对感染类病毒的植株进行脱毒处理是一种有效的防控措施,本文针对果树、蔬菜和花卉上几种常见的类病毒,综述了茎尖培养、热处理结合茎尖培养、低温处理、超低温处理、化学处理及不含叶原基的顶端分生组织再生等植物类病毒的脱除技术,分析了不同方法的应用效果及所适合脱除的类病毒种类,同时展望了类病毒病害在未来植物病害防控中的重要地位,并提出综合考虑各种因素、制定合理方案、选用适宜方法的类病毒脱除建议。

Viroid is the smallest known agents of plant pathogen and could infect economic importance vegetables, fruit trees and flowers, and induce serious problem. The elimination technique is the major measure to control plant viroid diseases. This thesis summarized the measures applied for plant viroids commonly occurred in fruit trees, vegetables and flowers, including elimination of stem tip culture, thermotherapy combined with elimination stem tip culture, low and ultralow temperature, chemotherapy and leaf primordia-free shoot apical meristems. The application efficiency and corresponding viroid types of different approaches were analyzed. The importance of viroid diseases in prevention and control of plant disease were elaborated and prospected, also proposed that viroid elimination should comprehensively consider various factors, formulate reasonable scheme, and select the appropriate method.