除草剂对星豹蛛活动行为的影响

Effects of herbicides on the behavior of spider Pardosa astrigera Koch

为明确除草剂对星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera活动行为的影响,采用药膜法测定乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚和百草枯3种常规除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力,应用旷野试验法研究除草剂对其活动行为的影响。结果表明:乙羧氟草醚对星豹蛛的LC10为6.75 g/L,乙氧氟草醚的LC10为1.09 g/L,3种除草剂对星豹蛛的毒力顺序为乙氧氟草醚>乙羧氟草醚>百草枯。高浓度(5.81~10.53 g/L)乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛的行走总路程和平均行走速度均较推荐浓度处理(0.07 g/L)显著降低,6.75 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雌蛛行走总路程较其余浓度处理显著降低、雄蛛最大行走速度较0.08 g/L浓度处理显著降低,但这2种除草剂各浓度处理均与对照无显著差异;80.00 g/L百草枯处理后雄蛛的行走总路程、最大行走速度和平均行走速度均较对照显著降低,分别为248.48 cm、12.03 cm/s和0.83 cm/s,4.00~20.00 g/L百草枯处理后雌蛛最大行走速度较80.00 g/L处理显著下降。5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雄蛛行走区域数显著下降,较对照下降了4.57个,而雌蛛行走区域数则显著升高,较对照增加了2.20个。20.83 g/L乙羧氟草醚处理后雄蛛在中心区域停留时间最短,为0.48 s,占总时间的比例仅为0.16%,5.81 g/L乙氧氟草醚处理后雌蛛在中心区域停留时间最长,为15.94 s,占总时间的比例为5.31%。表明高浓度除草剂处理星豹蛛后对其活动行为影响显著,而推荐浓度处理后对其无显著影响,说明3种除草剂在推荐剂量下对星豹蛛相对安全。

To find out the influence of herbicides on the behavior of spider Pardosa asteigera, residual films treated with three conventional herbicides, oxyfluorofen, fluoroglycofen and gramoxone, were used to identify their toxicity to P astrigera. The influence of herbicides on the activities of P astrigera was investigated in the field under natural conditions. The results showed that oxyfluorofen demonstrat- ed the highest toxicity and gramoxone the lowest among the three herbicides tested, with the LC50 of fluoroglycofen at 6.75 g/L and oxyfluorofen at 1.09 g/L. High concentration （5.81-10.53 g/L） of oxyliuorfen had significant effect on the total walking distance and average walking speed for the males. The total walking distance of female and the maximum walking speed of male treated with 6.75 g/L fluorogly- cofen were significantly lower than those of other fluoroglycofen treatments and 0.08 g/L fluoroglycofen treatment, respectively, but the two herbicides in each treatment had no significant difference with the control; the total walking distance, the maximum walking speed and average walking speed of male treated with 80.00 g/L gramoxone were significantly lower than control, which were 248.48 cm, 12.03 cm/s and 0.83 cm/s, respectively; the maximum walking speed of female treated with 4.00-20.00 g/L gramoxone significantly decreased compared with 80.00 g/L gramoxone. The three herbicides showed different effects on the number of walking zones, and the males treated with 5.81 g/L fluoroglycofen decreased by 4.57 compared with the control, but the females increased by 2.20 compared with the control. The shortest time of P astrigera for the males treated with 20.83 g/L fluoroglycofen was only 0.48 s in the central region, and the longest time for the females treated with 5.81 g/L oxyfluorofen was 15.94 s in the central region. The activity of the male and female spiders was weakened compared with the control, but the recommended dose was not significantly different from the control, indicating that the three kinds of herbicides had no significant effect on the activity of spiders at the recommended dose.